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. 2019 Dec 11;6(2):e13889. doi: 10.2196/13889

Table 2.

Immediate response and carry-over effect after five training sessions with the Heel2Toe sensor on gait parameters measured without feedback (values in italics indicate clinically important changes after five days of training based on a change of ≥10%).

Outcomes and assessment Participants’ identification
Gait parameters and time points Feedback A B C D E F
Good steps (%) (closer to 100 is better)

Pre −a 0 43 80 84 92 93

Pre +b 56 82 83 97 92 99

Post − 29 80 89 97 95 99

Post + 66 90 92 94 93 100
Cadence (steps/min) (closer to 100 is better)

Pre − 70 95 97 110 113 96

Pre + 69 102 95 95 110 95

Post − 77 104 100 121 105 110

Post + 84 96 99 122 111 109
Heel strike angular velocity (°/second) (typical values are −300 to −500; the more negative, the better) [24]

Pre − −48 −97 −147 −145 −165 −163

Pre + −102 −128 −157 −186 −173 −213

Post − −80 −126 −163 −227 −176 −250

Post + −102 −147 −159 −208 −173 −263
Gait regularity (angular velocity coefficient of variation; <10%) [25]

Pre − 59 39 40 31 24 24

Pre + 41 33 39 17 23 14

Post − 52 33 24 20 17 11

Post + 50 21 21 24 22 10

aNo feedback (auditory beep was absent).

bFeedback provided (auditory beep was present).