. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Sep 11;144(6):1524–1533. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.033

Table III:

Bivariate Associations with Exacerbations in the Multi-Ethnic Cohorts, Self-Identified Blacks, and Non-Hispanic Whites

Variable, per SD change for cont variables	Entire population (all races)			Self-identified Black			Non-Hispanic Whites
	N	RR^a (95% CI)	p-value	N	RR (95% CI)	p-value	N	RR (95% CI)	p-value
Hx steroid-requiring exacerbation: ≥2 vs 0 1 vs 0	1840			450			1108
		2.9 (2.03, 4.12) 1.9 (1.37, 2.56)	<0.001 <0.001		2.2 (1.17, 4.01) 1.7 (0.97, 3.16)	0.014 0.075		2.51 (1.49, 4.24) 1.94 (1.27, 2.99)	<0.001 <0.001
Sex (F vs M)	1840	1.6 (1.19, 2.22)	0.002	450	1.1 (0.65, 1.86)	0.720	1108	1.48 (1.01, 2.16)	0.04
BMI per 7.7 increase (9.2 in Blacks, 6.6 in Whites)	1840	1.0 (0.90, 1.18)	0.64	450	1.1 (0.91, 1.42)	0.26	1108	0.82 (0.67, 0.99)	0.04
% pred FEV1, per 14.65% increase (13.99 in Blacks, 14.62 in Whites)	1839	0.74 (0.63, 0.87)	<0.001	450	0.73 (0.55, 0.95)	0.021	1107	0.76 (0.62, 0.93)	0.008
Log2(PC20), per 1.89 unit increase (1.94 in Blacks, 1.86 in Whites)	1604	0.85 (0.74, 0.98)	0.030	382	1.0 (0.81, 1.34)	0.742	952	0.82 (0.68, 0.99)	0.04
Sputum Eos, per 4.5% increase (4.2% in Blacks, 4.7% in Whites)	991	1.1 (1.03, 1.22)	0.009	279	1.0 (0.97, 1.06)	0.669	793	1.07 (0.92, 1.25)	0.35
Chronic sinusitis (Y vs N)	855	1.9 (1.28, 2.85)	0.002	254	2.8 (1.51, 5.07)	0.001	493	1.53 (0.83, 2.80)	0.17
GERD (Y vs N)	841	1.8 (1.20, 2.61)	0.004	250	2.2 (1.17, 4.13)	0.014	486	1.72 (0.97, 3.07)	0.06
Nasal polyps (Y vs N)	838	1.7 (1.00, 2.91)	0.049	243	2.0 (0.89, 4.55)	0.093	488	1.30 (0.56, 3.03)	0.55
Allergic rhinitis (Y vs N)	336	1.7 (1.01, 2.96)	0.045	121	2.2 (1.03, 4.68)	0.042	168	1.49 (0.63, 3.51)	0.37
Household income, per each increase in income bracket	333	0.66 (0.50, 0.85)	0.002	120	0.78 (0.50, 1.22)	0.278	168	NA	0.09
%African Ancestry, per 32% change in all (18% change in Blacks, 7% in NHW)	760	0.97 (0.78, 1.19)	0.745	161	2.1 (0.85, 5.02)	0.109	497	0.86 (0.53, 1.40)	0.55

Relative rates (RR) for continuous variables expressed per change by one standard deviation. Models were based on repeated measures, poisson regression models adjusted for protocol. Variables not listed were not statistically significant.