TABLE 1.
Village-level Factors Associated with LRTI and RSV Hospitalizations Rates in Children Younger than 1 Year in 49 Villages in the YKD, 1995–2005 and 2005–2012
| Attribute | Univariate RR | P Value | Multivariate RR | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LRTI | ||||
| Time period (2005–2012 vs. 1995–2005) | 0.82 (0.76, 0.88) | <0.0001 | 0.88 (0.81, 0.95) | 0.001 |
| Increasing distance from hospital | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10)* | 0.25 | 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) | 0.002 |
| Subregional clinic | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 0.87 | ||
| Coastal community | 1.15 (1.07, 1.24) | 0.0002 | ||
| Large community (>500 persons) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.78 | 1.18 (1.09, 1.28) | <0.0001 |
| % of families below poverty line | 1.29 (1.21, 1.39)† | <0.0001 | 1.15 (1.05, 1.26) | 0.003 |
| % of households >1.5 persons per room | 1.28 (1.23, 1.35)‡ | <0.0001 | 1.20 (1.13, 1.28) | <0.0001 |
| Crowding§ | 1.74 (1.57, 1.94)¶ | <0.0001 | ||
| Wood as heat source | 1.00 (0.95, 1.07)║ | 0.75 | ||
| Lack plumbing | 1.65 (1.49, 1.83)** | <0.0001 | 1.25 (1.05, 1.26) | <0.0001 |
| RSV | ||||
| Time period (2005–2012 vs. 1995–2005) | 0.48 (0.42, 0.54) | <0.0001 | 0.51 (0.45, 0.59) | <0.0001 |
| Increasing distance from hospital | 0.88 (0.79, 0.97)* | 0.01 | 0.82 (0.73, 0.92) | 0.005 |
| Subregional clinic | 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) | 0.23 | ||
| Coastal community | 1.15 (1.02, 1.29) | 0.02 | ||
| Large community (>500 persons) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.20 | 1.14 (1.01, 1.30) | 0.04 |
| % of families below poverty line | 1.35 (1.21, 1.51)† | <0.0001 | 1.25 (1.08, 1.45) | 0.003 |
| % of households > 1.5 persons per room | 1.30 (1.21, 1.39)‡ | <0.0001 | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | 0.0005 |
| Crowding§ | 1.80 (1.53, 2.11)¶ | <0.0001 | ||
| Wood as heat source | 1.02 (0.93, 1.15)║ | 0.70 | ||
| Lack plumbing | 1.85 (1.57, 2.17)** | <0.0001 | 1.45 (1.19, 1.78) | 0.0003 |
RR for 100 mile increase in the distance to the regional hospital.
RR for an increase of 20% (20% of families below poverty level to 40%, 40% to 60%, etc.).
RR for an increase of 20% (20% of households >1.5 persons per room to 40%, 40% to 60%, etc.).
Not entered into multivariate model because of collinearity with % of households >1.5 persons per room.
RR for an increase in household crowding of 1 person per room.
RR between a community where 100% use wood as a heating source and a community where 0% use wood as a home heating source.
RR between a community where 100% lack complete plumbing and a community where 0% lack complete plumbing.