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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 26.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2014 Jan;61(1):62–75. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.6689776

Table I.

Hydrophones

Name Design Nominal Sensitive Element Diameter (mm) Integral Pre-amplifier?
EP PVDF ellipsoid (capsule) 0.2 yes
NP PVDF needle 0.6 no
NC Piezoelectric ceramic needle 0.4 no
M1 Single-layer PVDF membrane with rubber backing 0.5 yes
M2 Bilaminar PVDF membrane 0.4 no
M3 Bilaminar PVDF membrane 0.5 yes
M4 Single layer PVDF membrane 1.0 yes
FO Fiber Optic 0.01 yes