Table 2.
Additional Characteristics of Participants
| Health care utilization | All Group-DPP Participants (N = 3156) | High Risk for T2D (n = 1493) | Overweight/Obese Low T2D Risk (n = 858) | Evidence of T2D (n = 755) | Other Risk (n = 50) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Established PCP, No. (%) | 2890 (91.57) | 1384 (92.70) | 775 (90.33) | 690 (91.39) | 41 (82.00) | .0578 |
| Year of index visit, No. (%) | .0722 | |||||
| 2010 | 86 (2.72) | 34 (2.28) | 24 (2.80) | 26 (3.44) | 2 (4.00) | |
| 2011 | 253 (8.02) | 116 (7.77) | 67 (7.81) | 65 (8.61) | 5 (10.00) | |
| 2012 | 451 (14.29) | 190 (12.73) | 120 (13.99) | 134 (17.75) | 7 (14.00) | |
| 2013 | 515 (16.32) | 234 (15.67) | 139 (16.20) | 132 (17.48) | 10 (20.00) | |
| 2014 | 456 (14.45) | 221 (14.80) | 116 (13.52) | 114 (15.10) | 5 (10.00) | |
| 2015 | 572 (18.12) | 283 (18.96) | 155 (18.07) | 122 (16.16) | 12 (24.00) | |
| 2016 | 4798 (15.78) | 259 (17.35) | 136 (15.85) | 96 (12.72) | 7 (14.00) | |
| 2017 | 325 (10.30) | 156 (10.45) | 101 (11.77) | 66 (8.74) | 2 (4.00) | |
| Season of index visit, No. (%) | .1857 | |||||
| Spring (January-February) | 837 (26.52) | 417 (27.93) | 231 (26.92) | 177 (23.44) | 12 (24.00) | |
| Summer (March-May) | 787 (24.94) | 356 (23.84) | 220 (25.64) | 196 (25.96) | 15 (30.00) | |
| Fall (June-August) | 702 (22.24) | 550 (36.84) | 300 (34.97) | 169 (22.38) | 18 (36.00) | |
| Winter (September-December) | 830 (26.30) | 170 (11.39) | 107 (12.47) | 213 (28.21) | 5 (10.00) | |
| Outpatient ambulatory visits, mean ± SD, count | 8.47 ± 8.82 | 8.59 ± 8.23 | 7.06 ± 9.33 | 9.67 ± 8.62 | 11.04 ± 14.53 | <.0001a |
| Telephone/electronic visits, mean ± SD, count | 13.12 ± 12.93 | 13.69 ± 13.63 | 10.01 ± 9.98 | 15.47 ± 13.95 | 14.06 ± 10.55 | <.0001a |
| Preventive visit, No. (%) | 1087 (34.44) | 596 (39.92) | 301 (35.08) | 177 (23.44) | 13 (26.00) | <.0001a |
| Influenza immunization, No. (%) | 746 (23.64) | 390 (26.12) | 153 (17.83) | 195 (25.83) | 8 (16.00) | <.0001a |
| Group-DPP classes, mean ± SD, count | 9.87 ± 5.31 | 10.34 ± 5.46 | 9.20 ± 5.09 | 9.75 ± 5.14 | 9.64 ± 5.30 | <.0001a |
Abbreviations: Group-DPP, group-based diabetes prevention program lifestyle intervention; PCP, primary care provider; SD, standard deviation; T2D, type 2 diabetes.