Table 1.
Participants characteristics (Total N = 4,507)
| Characteristic | P‐wave deep terminal negativity V1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n = 4,402) | Abnormal (n = 105) | p‐Value | |
| Age (years) | 57 ± 13 | 66 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Women | 2,325 (52.8%) | 64 (61.0%) | 0.099 |
| Non‐Hispanic white | 2,167 (49.2%) | 52 (49.5%) | 0.952 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 1962 (44.6%) | 37 (35.2%) | 0.06 |
| Current | 1,061 (24.1%) | 35 (33.3%) | |
| Past | 1,379 (31.3%) | 33 (31.4%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 406 (9.2%) | 10 (9.5%) | 0.916 |
| Hypertension | 1,097 (24.9%) | 46 (43.8%) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130 ± 18 | 138 ± 20 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 76 ± 10 | 77 ± 10 | 0.402 |
| Dyslipidemia | 955 (21.7%) | 18 (17.1%) | 0.263 |
| Obesity | 814 (18.5%) | 22 (21.0%) | 0.521 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 5.3 | 26.6 ± 5.7 | 0.174 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 116 (2.6%) | 5 (4.8%) | 0.183 |
| Heart rate (beats/minute) | 69 ± 11 | 72 ± 12 | 0.021 |
| Serum cotinine (ng/ml) | 70.5 ± 142.1 | 130.4 ± 222.7 | 0.005 |
Abnormal P‐wave deep terminal negativity V1 was defined as lesser than 100 μV.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a combination of asthma and emphysema.
Obesity was defined as a body mass index of >30 kg/m2.