Table 2.

Comparison of Outcomes before and after Comprehensive Cardiac Telerehabilitation Based on Nordic Walking Training in the Training Group (p¹) and before and after Observation in the Control Group (p²) and between Groups—Group x Time Adjusted for Age, Sex, Diabetes, and Undergone Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (p³)

	Training Group			Control Group
	Before	After		Before	After
	Training	Training	p 1	Observation	Observation	p 2	p 3
24‐hour Holter ECG monitoring
SDNN (ms)	120 ± 28	124 ± 27	ns	126 ± 32	126 ± 23	ns	ns
Log LF (ms2/Hz)	5.93 ± 0.87	5.67 ± 0.98	0.0129	5.81 ± 0.77	5.93 ± 0.87	ns	ns
Log HF (ms2/Hz)	5.36 ± 1.02	5.68 ± 0.94	0.0211	5.33 ± 0.83	5.24 ± 1.07	ns	0.0384
LF/HF	2.06 ± 1.14	1.19 ± 0.80	<0.0001	2.01 ± 1.35	2.42 ± 1.39	ns	<0.0001
Beck Depression Inventory Questionnaire
BDI (score)	8.76 ± 6.73	6.70 ± 5.53	0.0006	11.57 ± 8.18	9.09 ± 7.34	0.0490	ns
Cardiopulmonary exercise test
peak VO2 (mL/kg per minute)	16.83 ± 3.72	19.14 ± 4.20	<0.0001	17.89 ± 3.50	17.63 ± 3.71	ns	0.0012
HR rest (bpm)	67 ± 10	67 ± 10	ns	67 ± 10	68 ± 10	ns	ns
HR max (bpm)	113 ± 17	122 ± 19	0.0001	120 ± 19	117 ± 15	ns	0.0088
SBP rest (mm Hg)	110 ± 14	113 ± 13	ns	113 ± 13	116 ± 14	ns	ns
DBP rest (mm Hg)	74 ± 8	75 ± 7	ns	75 ± 7	75 ± 6	ns	ns
SBP max (mm Hg)	134 ± 23	140 ± 22	0.0047	144 ± 24	142 ± 22	ns	ns
DBP max (mm Hg)	77 ± 9	78 ± 7	ns	80 ± 9	80 ± 6	ns	ns

Data presented are mean values ± standard deviation; statistical significance: P < 0.05; ns = nonsignificant; SDNN = standard deviation of all normal RR intervals; Log = logarithmic; LF = low frequency; HF = high frequency; LF/HF = low‐to‐high frequency ratio; Peak VO₂ = peak oxygen consumption; HR = heart rate; bpm = beat per minute; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure.