Table 2.

Association between vitamin D categories and P wave duration

Logistic regression modelsa
Vitamin D categories	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p‐Value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p‐Value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p‐Value
Vitamin D ≥30 ng/ml	Reference		Reference		Reference
Vitamin D 20–29 ng/ml	1.16 (0.99–1.35)	0.05	1.09 (0.93 to 1.27)	0.25	1.10 (0.94 to 1.29)	0.21
Vitamin D <20 ng/ml	1.35 (1.14–1.58)	0.001	1.20 (1.02 to 1.42)	0.04	1.22 (1.03 to 1.45)	0.02

Linear regression modelsb
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Beta‐coefficient (95% CI)	p‐Value	Beta‐coefficient (95% CI)	p‐Value	Beta‐coefficient (95% CI)	p‐Value
Vitamin D ≥30 ng/ml	Reference		Reference		Reference
Vitamin D 20–29 ng/ml	1.00 (0.20–1.80)	0.01	0.58 (−0.20 to 1.38)	0.14	0.61 (−0.18 to 1.41)	0.12
Vitamin D <20 ng/ml	2.03 (1.19–2.88)	<0.0001	1.25 (0.40 to 2.11)	0.003	1.19 (0.33 to 2.05)	0.006

Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status.

Model 2 adjusted for model 1 plus smoking and physical activity, BMI, and alcohol use.

Model 3 adjusted for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, CRP, serum phosphorus, eGFR, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio.

eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.

^aOdds ratio and 95% CI calculated using multivariable regression analysis.

^bBeta‐coefficient and 95% CI calculated using multivariable linear regression analysis.