Table 3.
BRS Values in Patients with Heart failure
| Authors | Subjects | Phenylephrine method (see Ref. 11 ) | Transfer function method (see Ref. 14 ) | Alpha coefficient (LF) (see Ref. 52 ) | Alpha coefficient (HF) (see Ref. 52 ) | Sequence method (see Ref. 50 ) | Valsalva Maneuver (see Ref. 39 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ellenbogen KA et al. 29 | 11 patients, age: 50 ± 3 years, LVEF: 16 ± 2% | 2.0 ± 0.3 | |||||
| Vardas PE et al. 30 | 23 patients, age: 62 ± 7 years, LVEF: 33 ± 3% | 2.9 ± 2.0 | |||||
| Yoshikawa T. et al 31 | 146 patients, age: 59 ± 13 years, LVEF: 26 ± 9%, NYHA I: 49, NYHA II: 57, NYHA III: 36, NYHA IV: 4 | 4.3 ± 3.7 (n = 30) | |||||
| Mortara A et al. 12 | 282 patients, age: 52 ± 9 years, LVEF: 23 ± 6%, NYHA: 2.4 ± 0.6 | 3.9 ± 4.0 | |||||
| Davies LC et al. 16 | 31 subjects, age: 62 ± 12 years (25–83)† LVEF: 27 ± 10% | 4.4 ± 4.4 | 5.6 ± 4.1 | 7.1 ± 7.0 | 7.7 ± 6.3 | ||
| Colombo R et al. 32 | 49 patients, age: 54 ± 10 years, LVEF: 22 ± 7%, NYHA I: 11, NYHA II: 23, NYHA III: 15 | 5.5 ± 0.6 (n = 41) 4.8 ± 0.6 (n = 32)(a) | 10.5 ± 1.2 (n = 22) 8.7 ± 1.2 (n = 20)(a) | 7.4 ± 0.8 (n = 34) 7.2 ± 0.8 (n = 47)(a) | |||
| Hoffmann J et al. 33 | 160 pts, Age 48 ± 12 years, LVEF 31 ± 10% (15–45%), NYHA I‐ 26; NYHA II‐ 88; NYHA III‐ 46 | 7.5 ± 5.0 | |||||
| Wolfram G et al. 34 | 263 patients LVEF: 30 ± 10%, NYHA I: 36, NYHA II: 160, NYHA III: 67 | 7.9 ± 5.5 (major arrhythmic events) | |||||
| Rostagno C et al. 45 | 52 patients NYHA I: 13, LVEF: 50 ± 9%, NYHA II: 20, LVEF: 39 ± 13%, NYHA III: 19, LVEF: 29 ± 8%, | 5.1 ± 2.5; 2.1 ± 2.3; 2.1 ±1.9 | |||||
| Pinna GD et al. 55 | 228 patients, age: 52 ± 9 (26–68)† LVEF: 29 ± 8% NYHA I: 23, NYHA II: 115, NYHA III: 82, NYHA IV: 8 | 3.5 (1.7–6.6)‡* |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated. BRS measurements are given as ms/mmHg.
†Range.
‡Median (lower quartile–upper quartile).
*Modified transfer function method (mean transfer function modulus in the overall LF band, see Ref. 52).
aPaced breathing at 16 breaths/min.
up = BRS slope calculated from progressively increasing systolic blood pressure sequences; down = BRS slope calculated from progressively decreasing systolic blood pressure sequences.