Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Study Patients
| No Heart Failure Hospitalization (n = 490) | Heart Failure Hospitalization (n = 79) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 ± 10 | 66 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Male/female | 374/116 (76%/24%) | 58/21 (73%/27%) | 0.6 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 47 ± 8 | 39 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| GFR | 78 ± 16 | 70 ± 19 | <0.01 |
| History | |||
| Diabetes | 74 (15%) | 29 (37%) | <0.001 |
| Previous AMI | 69 (14%) | 28 (35%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 219 (45%) | 49 (62%) | <0.01 |
| Stroke | 23 (5%) | 12 (15%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 326 (67%) | 52 (66%) | 0.8 |
| Type of AMI, Q/non‐Q/Int | 262/199/22 (53%/41%/4%) | 33/40/5 (42%/51%/6%) | 0.3 |
| Location of AMI, Ant/Inf/Int | 218/222/38 (44%/45%/8%) | 41/24/11 (52%/30%/14%) | <0.05 |
| LVH | 36 (7%) | 15 (19%) | <0.01 |
| QRS | 87 ± 14 | 93 ± 18 | <0.05 |
| VPDs > 10/h on Holter | 49 (10%) | 20 (25%) | <0.001 |
| Nonsustained VT | 19 (4%) | 4 (5%) | 0.6 |
| Medication | |||
| β‐blockers | 473 (97%) | 76 (96%) | 0.8 |
| Statins | 191 (39%) | 15 (19%) | <0.01 |
| Aspirin | 429 (88%) | 60 (76%) | <0.01 |
| Warfarin | 37 (8%) | 14 (18%) | <0.01 |
| ACE/ATII‐inhibitors | 161 (33%) | 44 (56%) | <0.001 |
| Diuretic drugs | 70 (14%) | 39 (49%) | <0.001 |
| Digitalis | 11 (2%) | 11 (14%) | <0.001 |
| Ca‐blockers | 28 (6%) | 12 (15%) | <0.01 |
| Amiodarone | 4 (1%) | 3 (4%) | <0.05 |
The values are means ± SD or the number of the patients. ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; AMI = acute myocardial infarction; ATII = angiotensin II; Ca = calcium; GFR = glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2); LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG; NYHA = New York Heart Association; Q/non‐Q/Int = Q‐wave/non‐Q‐wave/Indeterminate; QRS = QRS complex duration on ECG (ms); VPDs = ventricular premature depolarizatons; VT = ventricular tachycardia.