Table 1.

Efficacy of Intravenous Vernakalant in Randomized Clinical Trials

	CRAFT	ACT I	ACT II	ACT III	ACT IV	AVRO	Scene 2
Type	RCT/phase II	RCT/phase III	RCT/phase III	RCT/phase III	Open label	RCT	RCT/phase II/III
Inclusion criteria	AF for 3–72 h	AF for 3 h to 45 d	Postoperative AF/AFL for 3 h to 3 d	AF for 3 h to 45 d	AF for 3 h to 45 d	AF for 3 to 48 h	AFL for 3 h to 45 d
Follow‐up	24 h	24 h	7 d	24 h	7 d	24 h	30 d
Patients, n	56	336	161	276	236	254	54
Primary efficacy endpoint	AF termination within 30 min: 61% (V) vs 5% (P) (P < 0.0005)	AF (3 h to 7 d) termination within 90 min: 51.7% (V) vs 4.0% (P) (P < 0.001); median time to conversion to SR: 11 min; patients in SR at 24 h: 98%	AF/AFL termination within 90 min: 45% (V) vs 15% (P) (P < 0.001); AF termination within 90 min: 47% (V) vs 14% (P) (P < 0.001); no conversion of AFL to SR: 0/6 patients given V	AF (3 h to 7 d) termination within 90 min: 51.2% (V) vs 3.6% (P) (P < 0.001). AF (8–45 d) termination within 90 min: 9.4% (V) vs 2.7% (P) (P = NS). Patients in SR at 24 h: 98% (V)	AF (3 h to 7 d) termination within 90 min by V: 50.9%; median time to conversion to SR: 14 min; patients in SR at 24 h and 7 days: 98% and 89% of responders	AF termination within 90 min: 51.7% (V) vs 5.2% (A) (P < 0.0001)	AFL conversion within 90 min: 3% (V) vs 0% (P) (P = NS)

A, amiodarone; ACT, atrial arrhythmia conversion trial; AVRO, a phase III superiority study of vernakalant vs amiodarone in subjects with recent onset atrial fibrillation; CRAFT, conversion of rapid atrial fibrillation trial; d, days; h, hours; min, minutes; NS, not significant; RCT, randomized controlled trial; P, placebo; SR, sinus rhythm; V, vernakalant.