Table 1.
Baseline Demographics
| Study | Early | No Early | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | Mortality | Mortality | P | |
| Characteristic | N = 1062 (%) | N = 110 (%) | N = 952 (%) | Value* |
| Age (years) | 65 ± 13 | 71±10 | 64 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 838 (79) | 85 (77) | 753 (79) | 0.657 |
| Primary prevention indication | 565 (53) | 77 (70) | 488 (51) | <0.001 |
| Noncardiac‐resynchronization therapy pacemaker ICD | 820 (77) | 68 (62) | 752 (79) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac‐resynchronization therapy pacemaker ICD | 242 (23) | 42 (38) | 200 (21) | <0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 29 ± 15 | 24 ± 14 | 30 ± 15 | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 318 (30) | 38 (35) | 280 (29) | 0.266 |
| Prior coronary revascularization procedure | 505 (48) | 22 (20) | 483 (51) | <0.001 |
| Beta blocker use | 836 (79) | 79 (72) | 757 (80) | 0.062 |
| ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker use | 678 (64) | 41 (37) | 637 (67) | 0.001 |
| Digoxin use | 359 (34) | 20 (18) | 339 (36) | 0.05 |
| Amiodarone use | 178 (17) | 30 (27) | 148 (16) | 0.002 |
| Loop diuretic use | 597 (56) | 70 (64) | 527 (55) | 0.098 |
| Aspirin use | 532 (50) | 47 (43) | 485 (51) | 0.103 |
| Statin use | 523 (49) | 45 (41) | 478 (50) | 0.065 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Heart failure NYHA II‐III | 442 (42) | 71 (64) | 371 (39) | <0.001 |
| History of myocardial infarction | 584 (55) | 69 (63) | 515 (54) | 0.239 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 300 (28) | 53 (48) | 257 (27) | 0.008 |
| Age > 80 years | 114 (11) | 23 (23) | 91 (10) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 65 (6) | 4 (4) | 61 (6) | 0.251 |
| Dialysis dependent end stage renal disease | 36 (4) | 15 (14) | 31 (3) | 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 164 (15) | 28 (25) | 136 (14) | 0.002 |
| Connective tissue disease | 3 (0.3) | 0 | 3 (0.3) | 0.003 |
| Dementia | 7 (0.7) | 3 (3) | 4 (0.4) | 0.496 |
| Liver disease | 10 (1.0) | 3 (3) | 7 (0.7) | 0.041 |
| Solid tumor/leukemia | 14 (1.3) | 2 (2) | 12 (1.2) | 0.628 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 18 (2.0) | 8 (7) | 10 (1) | <0.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 4 (0.4) | 1 (1) | 3 (0.3) | 0.336 |
| Acquired immunodeficinecy syndrome | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | − |
| Appropriate ICD therapy | 238 (22) | 11 (10) | 227 (24) | <0.001 |
| Duration of follow‐up (days) | 1149 ± 774 | 166 ± 112 | 1413 ± 843 | <0.001 |
*Represents P Value for Comparison of EM and Survival Greater than 1 year Cohorts