Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of 110 Healthy Volunteers
| All Controls | Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Healthy Volunteers | 110 | 76 (69%) | 34 (31%) |
| Age (years) | 45 ± 12 | 45 ± 11 | 43 ± 14 |
| Range | 21–71 | 27–66 | 21–71 |
| Height (cm) | 175 ± 8 | 179 ± 6 | 167 ± 7a |
| Weight (kg) | 78 ± 14 | 81 ± 14 | 70 ± 11a |
| Echocardiographic Evaluation | |||
| LV end‐diastolic diameter (mm) | 50 ± 4 | 51 ± 4 | 47 ± 4a |
| Range | 38–58 | 38–58 | 39–54 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 71 ± 5 | 71 ± 5 | 70 ± 4 |
| Bicycle Ergometry | |||
| Maximum exercise (W) | 153 ± 45 | 168 ± 43 | 117 ± 22a |
| Range | 75–300 | 100–300 | 75–175 |
| Heart rate at rest (beats/min) | 76 ± 12 | 74 ± 12 | 78 ± 13 |
| Maximum heart rate (beats/min) | 157 ± 17 | 157 ± 18 | 157 ± 15 |
| 24‐Hour Holter ECG | |||
| Mean R‐R interval (ms) | 817 ± 96 | 825 ± 89 | 799 ± 110 |
| Frequent VPDs (>10/hour) | 7 (6%) | 5 (7%) | 2 (6%) |
| Couplets of VPDs | 6 (5%) | 2 (3%) | 4 (12%) |
| Nonsustained VT | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) |
a P < 0.05 for men compared to women. LV = left ventricular; VPD = ventricular premature depolarization; VT = ventricular tachycardia.