Table 5. The differences in the mean scores for depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem between time points in the intervention and control groups.
Variable | Intervention Position | (I) Time | (J) Time | Mean Difference (I-J) | S.E. | p-value | 95% CI | Partial ƞ2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||||
Depression | Intervention | Pre-test | Post-test | 2.01 | 0.18 | <0.001 | 1.57 | 2.45 | 0.32 |
Pre-test | Follow-up | 0.63* | 0.17 | <0.001 | 0.21 | 1.05 | |||
Post-test | Follow-up | -1.37* | 0.18 | <0.001 | -1.81 | -0.94 | |||
Control | Pre-test | Post-test | 0.10 | 0.19 | 1 | -0.35 | 0.55 | 0.01 | |
Pre-test | Follow-up | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.42 | -0.17 | 0.70 | |||
Post-test | Follow-up | 0.17 | 0.19 | 1 | -0.29 | 0.62 | |||
Anxiety | Intervention | Pre-test | Post-test | 2.04* | 0.35 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 2.89 | 0.13 |
Pre-test | Follow-up | 2.28* | 0.41 | <0.001 | 1.30 | 3.26 | |||
Post-test | Follow-up | 0.24 | 0.31 | 1 | -0.50 | 0.97 | |||
Control | Pre-test | Post-test | 0.29 | 0.36 | 1 | -0.58 | 1.15 | 0.02 | |
Pre-test | Follow-up | -0.40 | 0.42 | 1 | -1.40 | 0.60 | |||
Post-test | Follow-up | -0.69 | 0.31 | 0.09 | -1.45 | 0.07 | |||
Stress | Intervention | Pre-test | Post-test | 2.80* | 0.36 | <0.001 | 1.94 | 3.66 | 0.30 |
Pre-test | Follow-up | 3.49* | 0.38 | <0.001 | 2.57 | 4.41 | |||
Post-test | Follow-up | 0.69 | 0.45 | 0.37 | -0.38 | 1.77 | |||
Control | Pre-test | Post-test | 0.71 | 0.37 | 0.16 | -0.17 | 1.59 | 0.02 | |
Pre-test | Follow-up | 0.36 | 0.39 | 1 | -0.58 | 1.31 | |||
Post-test | Follow-up | -0.35 | 0.46 | 1 | -1.45 | 0.75 | |||
Self-esteem | Intervention | Pre-test | Post-test | -5.48* | 0.71 | <0.001 | -7.18 | -3.78 | 0.20 |
Pre-test | Follow-up | -4.49* | 0.71 | <0.001 | -6.21 | -2.77 | |||
Post-test | Follow-up | 0.99 | 0.74 | 0.54 | -0.79 | 2.77 | |||
Control | Pre-test | Post-test | -0.51 | 0.72 | 1 | -2.25 | 1.24 | 0.01 | |
Pre-test | Follow-up | -0.37 | 0.73 | 1 | -2.14 | 1.39 | |||
Post-test | Follow-up | 0.14 | 0.76 | 1 | -1.69 | 1.96 |
*Significant at p<0.02 (adjusted P-value)