Table 5. Comparison of dietary intake of the ten major foods groups (grams/day) in individuals residing in urban areas of Latin America, according to the country of living.
Data corresponds to consumers* only.
| Food Groups | Country | n | % | Mean g/day (SD) | p** | Percentiles of intake (g/day) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 95 | |||||||
| Fruits | ELANS | 4915 | 53.3 | 204.3 | (197.9) | <0.001 | 38.5 | 49.0 | 90.0 | 150.0 | 260.0 | 402.2 | 521.0 |
| Argentina | 650 | 51.3 | 213.7 | (163.2) | 60.4 | 85.0 | 110.5 | 157.2 | 261.7 | 404.6 | 502.8 | ||
| Brazil | 1119 | 56.0 | 180.0 | (176.4) | 26.0 | 40.0 | 80.0 | 135.0 | 225.0 | 366.6 | 510.0 | ||
| Chile | 647 | 73.6 | 186.3 | (167.8) | 45.0 | 45.0 | 88.0 | 135.0 | 230.0 | 363.0 | 489.0 | ||
| Peru | 784 | 70.4 | 232.1 | (212.9) | 44.0 | 66.0 | 92.0 | 172.0 | 288.0 | 458.5 | 594.0 | ||
| Colombia | 592 | 48.1 | 215.7 | (221.5) | 39.6 | 60.0 | 100.0 | 157.9 | 270.0 | 412.0 | 520.0 | ||
| Costa Rica | 394 | 49.4 | 205.4 | (192.8) | 23.6 | 42.0 | 82.0 | 143.0 | 282.0 | 429.0 | 534.0 | ||
| Ecuador | 452 | 56.5 | 228.0 | (269.7) | 45.0 | 74.1 | 107.0 | 158.4 | 272.0 | 417.5 | 550.6 | ||
| Venezuela | 277 | 24.5 | 178.5 | (171.3) | 20.0 | 34.7 | 81.4 | 137.5 | 215.5 | 345.0 | 450.0 | ||
| Vegetables | ELANS | 8541 | 92.7 | 108.1 | (115.8) | <0.001 | 9.0 | 16.0 | 35.5 | 76.4 | 140.0 | 238.3 | 310.0 |
| Argentina | 1176 | 92.9 | 109.0 | (127.5) | 12.0 | 20.0 | 40.0 | 74.0 | 135.0 | 229.7 | 317.0 | ||
| Brazil | 1614 | 80.7 | 98.4 | (140.1) | 3.3 | 8.5 | 26.8 | 60.0 | 119.0 | 217.0 | 308.6 | ||
| Chile | 839 | 95.5 | 138.6 | (100.8) | 24.6 | 37.0 | 61.3 | 120.0 | 185.0 | 273.1 | 340.0 | ||
| Peru | 1111 | 99.8 | 92.2 | (75.9) | 7.8 | 15.1 | 37.1 | 72.8 | 127.5 | 197.0 | 241.7 | ||
| Colombia | 1120 | 91.1 | 94.8 | (104.4) | 7.6 | 10.0 | 25.9 | 59.6 | 121.5 | 231.7 | 310.0 | ||
| Costa Rica | 798 | 100.0 | 118.8 | (144.0) | 11.8 | 18.6 | 37.5 | 79.1 | 148.6 | 259.8 | 371.4 | ||
| Ecuador | 799 | 99.9 | 144.9 | (115.6) | 13.3 | 22.8 | 59.3 | 120.5 | 200.9 | 303.7 | 369.9 | ||
| Venezuela | 1084 | 95.8 | 87.9 | (82.6) | 10.6 | 16.9 | 29.6 | 65.4 | 117.6 | 188.8 | 245.5 | ||
| Legumes/Beans | ELANS | 5533 | 60.0 | 95.7 | (103.0) | <0.001 | 7.1 | 12.0 | 32.0 | 64.0 | 120.0 | 208.7 | 286.9 |
| Argentina | 164 | 13.0 | 58.1 | (88.6) | 1.5 | 4.3 | 16.0 | 32.0 | 62.0 | 115.5 | 223.2 | ||
| Brazil | 1745 | 87.3 | 74.4 | (58.1) | 19.7 | 32.0 | 36.1 | 54.0 | 89.2 | 136.0 | 172.0 | ||
| Chile | 397 | 45.2 | 81.9 | (105.2) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 13.0 | 50.0 | 116.1 | 175.0 | 277.2 | ||
| Peru | 844 | 75.8 | 56.7 | (70.8) | 4.0 | 5.3 | 9.2 | 23.1 | 83.3 | 159.0 | 191.1 | ||
| Colombia | 710 | 57.7 | 132.8 | (148.8) | 11.8 | 19.2 | 40.0 | 85.1 | 165.0 | 317.0 | 400.0 | ||
| Costa Rica | 701 | 87.8 | 140.7 | (113.3) | 17.0 | 30.0 | 67.0 | 114.4 | 187.2 | 284.0 | 349.1 | ||
| Ecuador | 594 | 74.3 | 118.9 | (124.5) | 11.2 | 13.0 | 28.8 | 80.0 | 179.7 | 275.0 | 359.4 | ||
| Venezuela | 378 | 33.4 | 137.6 | (132.0) | 10.8 | 15.0 | 50.5 | 119.0 | 158.2 | 297.5 | 395.1 | ||
| Nuts and Seeds | ELANS | 771 | 8.4 | 35.0 | (76.0) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 10.0 | 30.0 | 87.7 | 127.6 |
| Argentina | 55 | 4.3 | 35.0 | (44.7) | 3.0 | 3.6 | 10.0 | 22.5 | 49.0 | 62.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Brazil | 127 | 6.4 | 25.3 | (39.1) | 1.5 | 2.4 | 5.5 | 12.0 | 28.3 | 59.5 | 101.4 | ||
| Chile | 51 | 5.8 | 19.3 | (18.4) | 1.6 | 3.1 | 7.0 | 13.5 | 30.0 | 45.0 | 76.2 | ||
| Peru | 167 | 15.0 | 15.9 | (71.0) | 0.6 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 11.7 | 30.0 | 48.0 | ||
| Colombia | 128 | 10.4 | 80.9 | (124.5) | 2.8 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 30.0 | 113.5 | 254.8 | 430.8 | ||
| Costa Rica | 68 | 8.5 | 43.3 | (55.0) | 2.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 20.0 | 68.0 | 109.6 | 131.0 | ||
| Ecuador | 154 | 19.3 | 28.5 | (68.9) | 0.6 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 5.0 | 20.0 | 50.0 | 140.0 | ||
| Venezuela | 21 | 1.9 | 26.9 | (49.2) | 1.6 | 2.3 | 5.0 | 12.0 | 30.0 | 45.2 | 67.8 | ||
| Whole Grains | ELANS | 3345 | 36.3 | 56.1 | (65.7) | <0.001 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 20.0 | 37.0 | 67.1 | 116.1 | 168.0 |
| Argentina | 395 | 31.2 | 69.7 | (66.5) | 12.0 | 16.0 | 30.0 | 57.2 | 86.1 | 144.5 | 164.5 | ||
| Brazil | 704 | 35.2 | 59.1 | (68.1) | 10.0 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 38.7 | 65.0 | 125.0 | 200.0 | ||
| Chile | 245 | 27.9 | 59.6 | (53.5) | 7.6 | 12.0 | 20.0 | 40.0 | 80.0 | 140.0 | 174.5 | ||
| Peru | 623 | 56.0 | 38.5 | (50.3) | 7.8 | 10.9 | 14.6 | 22.2 | 44.9 | 81.2 | 109.8 | ||
| Colombia | 433 | 35.2 | 68.1 | (83.2) | 7.0 | 12.0 | 23.5 | 42.6 | 77.1 | 150.0 | 230.0 | ||
| Costa Rica | 327 | 41.0 | 56.3 | (55.1) | 7.8 | 14.0 | 24.6 | 42.0 | 70.0 | 107.0 | 150.0 | ||
| Ecuador | 250 | 31.3 | 62.7 | (96.5) | 7.5 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 40.0 | 62.5 | 130.0 | 250.0 | ||
| Venezuela | 368 | 32.5 | 47.5 | (40.2) | 9.0 | 10.8 | 18.0 | 36.0 | 56.7 | 100.0 | 132.5 | ||
| Fish and Seafood | ELANS | 2427 | 26.3 | 121.2 | (143.5) | <0.001 | 11.6 | 21.5 | 49.0 | 90.2 | 158.0 | 240.0 | 320.0 |
| Argentina | 131 | 10.4 | 119.1 | (111.5) | 18.9 | 20.7 | 40.5 | 98.0 | 146.7 | 260.0 | 330.0 | ||
| Brazil | 369 | 18.5 | 201.9 | (302.2) | 8.2 | 17.3 | 68.8 | 150.0 | 240.0 | 400.0 | 500.0 | ||
| Chile | 197 | 22.4 | 101.0 | (63.3) | 20.0 | 36.7 | 60.0 | 90.0 | 126.0 | 163.0 | 240.0 | ||
| Peru | 453 | 40.7 | 120.0 | (90.3) | 19.6 | 27.4 | 57.6 | 87.0 | 167.6 | 242.3 | 300.0 | ||
| Colombia | 255 | 20.7 | 131.9 | (96.9) | 28.0 | 32.8 | 60.0 | 110.0 | 176.0 | 270.0 | 325.6 | ||
| Costa Rica | 343 | 43.0 | 75.1 | (74.1) | 6.2 | 7.2 | 15.0 | 50.0 | 110.9 | 160.0 | 206.0 | ||
| Ecuador | 402 | 50.3 | 95.1 | (73.5) | 26.0 | 30.0 | 41.0 | 80.8 | 130.0 | 178.8 | 220.4 | ||
| Venezuela | 277 | 24.5 | 128.2 | (93.1) | 25.7 | 30.0 | 61.0 | 114.4 | 184.8 | 225.0 | 290.0 | ||
| Yogurt | ELANS | 888 | 9.6 | 214.1 | (134.4) | <0.001 | 90.0 | 100.0 | 129.4 | 190.0 | 250.0 | 383.2 | 466.0 |
| Argentina | 159 | 12.6 | 258.4 | (168.3) | 93.2 | 125.0 | 170.0 | 200.0 | 310.7 | 466.0 | 579.9 | ||
| Brazil | 165 | 8.3 | 215.8 | (128.7) | 90.0 | 100.0 | 103.6 | 200.0 | 225.0 | 400.0 | 517.8 | ||
| Chile | 172 | 19.6 | 167.8 | (88.3) | 120.0 | 124.3 | 125.0 | 129.4 | 181.2 | 258.9 | 375.0 | ||
| Peru | 132 | 11.9 | 227.3 | (150.1) | 74.0 | 100.0 | 130.0 | 196.0 | 289.0 | 366.0 | 500.0 | ||
| Colombia | 102 | 8.3 | 217.6 | (101.8) | 93.2 | 103.6 | 155.3 | 206.1 | 212.3 | 331.4 | 410.0 | ||
| Costa Rica | 31 | 3.9 | 208.7 | (158.7) | 85.0 | 100.0 | 125.0 | 178.0 | 229.0 | 300.0 | 403.0 | ||
| Ecuador | 72 | 9.0 | 221.4 | (109.0) | 103.6 | 124.3 | 155.3 | 207.1 | 248.5 | 310.7 | 310.7 | ||
| Venezuela | 55 | 4.9 | 191.9 | (153.8) | 15.0 | 15.0 | 125.0 | 155.3 | 258.9 | 414.2 | 507.4 | ||
| Red Meat | ELANS | 6740 | 73.1 | 118.2 | (91.6) | <0.001 | 19.0 | 29.5 | 56.0 | 100.0 | 155.9 | 235.9 | 299.1 |
| Argentina | 1042 | 82.3 | 129.7 | (95.2) | 20.0 | 33.1 | 63.0 | 110.0 | 172.2 | 247.8 | 303.0 | ||
| Brazil | 1535 | 76.8 | 141.7 | (109.4) | 20.0 | 35.0 | 70.0 | 105.4 | 186.0 | 300.0 | 350.0 | ||
| Chile | 629 | 71.6 | 95.1 | (80.4) | 21.0 | 28.5 | 42.8 | 80.0 | 100.0 | 192.0 | 250.0 | ||
| Peru | 561 | 50.4 | 78.7 | (60.6) | 14.7 | 19.0 | 37.0 | 60.0 | 100.7 | 153.5 | 196.6 | ||
| Colombia | 982 | 79.8 | 117.7 | (82.3) | 24.1 | 37.5 | 60.0 | 101.8 | 155.9 | 230.0 | 259.9 | ||
| Costa Rica | 570 | 71.4 | 86.4 | (77.5) | 12.5 | 17.6 | 31.5 | 63.0 | 117.0 | 180.0 | 240.0 | ||
| Ecuador | 599 | 74.9 | 122.0 | (83.9) | 26.3 | 32.9 | 70.2 | 100.0 | 160.0 | 240.0 | 299.1 | ||
| Venezuela | 822 | 72.6 | 118.7 | (79.7) | 20.0 | 35.0 | 60.0 | 115.0 | 156.0 | 201.6 | 260.0 | ||
| Processed Meats | ELANS | 4560 | 49.5 | 58.8 | (63.9) | <0.001 | 4.9 | 9.8 | 20.0 | 40.0 | 75.0 | 125.0 | 180.0 |
| Argentina | 644 | 50.9 | 69.8 | (63.4) | 8.5 | 13.3 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 95.0 | 150.0 | 200.0 | ||
| Brazil | 985 | 49.3 | 70.7 | (76.6) | 9.8 | 15.0 | 20.0 | 46.3 | 90.0 | 160.0 | 226.0 | ||
| Chile | 516 | 58.7 | 62.0 | (68.8) | 10.0 | 15.0 | 20.5 | 40.0 | 80.0 | 135.0 | 188.0 | ||
| Peru | 304 | 27.3 | 40.9 | (33.3) | 8.0 | 9.0 | 16.0 | 32.0 | 61.0 | 83.0 | 109.0 | ||
| Colombia | 677 | 55.0 | 53.0 | (61.3) | 3.7 | 5.2 | 11.8 | 34.4 | 69.4 | 118.0 | 160.0 | ||
| Costa Rica | 468 | 58.7 | 53.8 | (67.4) | 4.0 | 6.2 | 13.6 | 30.0 | 68.0 | 122.0 | 164.0 | ||
| Ecuador | 273 | 34.1 | 61.4 | (66.2) | 15.0 | 15.0 | 30.0 | 50.0 | 65.0 | 120.0 | 180.0 | ||
| Venezuela | 693 | 61.2 | 45.0 | (39.7) | 1.4 | 1.8 | 25.0 | 33.0 | 51.4 | 95.6 | 119.0 | ||
| Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: ready-to-drink | ELANS | 6386 | 69.3 | 596.4 | (524.6) | <0.001 | 138.0 | 200.2 | 281.0 | 450.0 | 739.1 | 1196.5 | 1557.2 |
| Argentina | 1060 | 83.7 | 977.9 | (764.2) | 200.5 | 285.5 | 450.9 | 794.2 | 1260.7 | 1920.5 | 2385.4 | ||
| Brazil | 1431 | 71.6 | 558.1 | (405.7) | 187.5 | 207.6 | 300.0 | 421.7 | 700.0 | 1038.1 | 1349.6 | ||
| Chile | 606 | 68.9 | 500.2 | (385.9) | 140.1 | 207.6 | 259.5 | 364.5 | 624.9 | 947.7 | 1245.7 | ||
| Peru | 685 | 61.6 | 456.3 | (323.8) | 131.5 | 168.5 | 225.5 | 409.5 | 504.0 | 930.0 | 1122.5 | ||
| Colombia | 759 | 61.7 | 443.8 | (394.1) | 94.3 | 155.7 | 220.7 | 353.7 | 600.6 | 811.3 | 1029.8 | ||
| Costa Rica | 580 | 72.7 | 523.2 | (436.0) | 82.7 | 154.3 | 250.0 | 380.0 | 664.0 | 1065.0 | 1347.4 | ||
| Ecuador | 510 | 63.8 | 433.3 | (306.4) | 77.9 | 155.7 | 293.0 | 312.5 | 589.1 | 778.6 | 961.6 | ||
| Venezuela | 755 | 66.7 | 547.2 | (466.7) | 30.1 | 222.2 | 311.4 | 419.3 | 623.9 | 1038.1 | 1308.0 | ||
| Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: homemade | ELANS | 7650 | 83.0 | 533.6 | (479.2) | <0.001 | 24.8 | 64.0 | 225.0 | 408.9 | 729.3 | 1084.6 | 1406.2 |
| Argentina | 948 | 74.9 | 817.8 | (729.5) | 204.2 | 230.2 | 315.3 | 593.0 | 1036.9 | 1611.3 | 2101.8 | ||
| Brazil | 1564 | 78.2 | 368.3 | (287.1) | 48.0 | 83.1 | 196.2 | 302.7 | 494.9 | 722.0 | 915.7 | ||
| Chile | 540 | 61.4 | 54.7 | (112.1) | 6.0 | 8.0 | 12.4 | 24.0 | 36.0 | 98.0 | 275.8 | ||
| Peru | 1079 | 97.0 | 826.2 | (487.6) | 262.0 | 296.3 | 500.0 | 752.6 | 1041.6 | 1424.5 | 1682.4 | ||
| Colombia | 1089 | 88.5 | 427.7 | (369.1) | 20.0 | 43.0 | 180.5 | 339.7 | 584.4 | 876.1 | 1145.8 | ||
| Costa Rica | 663 | 83.1 | 591.7 | (401.7) | 180.0 | 227.0 | 292.0 | 509.0 | 777.0 | 1076.0 | 1338.0 | ||
| Ecuador | 776 | 97.0 | 617.9 | (384.5) | 194.1 | 251.4 | 313.2 | 554.9 | 807.9 | 1099.5 | 1353.3 | ||
| Venezuela | 991 | 87.5 | 433.0 | (338.0) | 81.3 | 114.9 | 195.0 | 378.6 | 567.9 | 818.1 | 1094.7 | ||
* Consumers were considered those individuals reporting positive intakes in one or two 24-HR
** Kruskal Wallis test. Data obtained from the ELANS, considering the consumption in at least one 24-HR.