Table 2. Resistance status of Aedes aegypti larvae (reference and field strains) against temephos, deltamethrin, permethrin, and DDT.
| Insecticide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| temephos | deltamethrin | permethrin | DDT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Strain | Slope (± se) | LC50 (95% CI) (μg/L) | LC95 (95% CI) (μg/L) | RR50 * | RR95 * | χ2 | p | Slope (± se) | LC50 (95% CI) (μg/L) | LC95 (95% CI) (μg/L) | RR50 * | RR95 * | χ2 | p | Slope (± se) | LC50 (95% CI) (μg/L) | LC95 (95% CI) (μg/L) | RR50 * | RR95 * | χ2 | p | Slope (± se) | LC50 (95% CI) (μg/L) | LC95 (95% CI) (μg/L) | RR50 * | RR95 * | χ2 | p |
| USDA | 4.6 (0.3) | 2.9 (2.7–3.1) | 6.6 (5.8–7.6) | - | - | 3.7 | 0.59 | 1.8 (0.2) | 0.08 (0.07–0.1) | 0.66 (0.43–1.2) | - | - | 0.6 | 0.7 | 10 (0.8) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 1.6 (1.6–1.7) | - | - | 3 | 0.56 | 2.6 (0.2) | 4.6 (4.1–5.1) | 19.6 (16–25.8) | - | - | 7.7 | 0.10 |
| XBLTL | 2.2 (0.14) | 13.5 (12.2–15.2) | 73.8 (57.5–101) | 3.62 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 0.44 | 3.3 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.55–0.66) | 1.9 (1.6–2.4) | 7.5 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 0.3 | 4 (0.3) | 10.3 (9.6–11) | 26.3 (23.2–31.1) | 9.4 | 16.4 | 5.8 | 0.21 | 4.8 (0.6) | 790 (728–891) | 1750 (1402–2519) | 171.7 | 89.3 | 4.1 | 0.39 |
| LPBKKG | 4.2 (0.2) | 4.5 (4–5) | 11.1 (10–13.4) | 1.55 | 1.68 | 9.9 | 0.02 | 3.4 (0.2) | 0.57 (0.54–0.6) | 1.75 (1.57–2.01) | 7.1 | 2.6 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.3 (0.5) | 112 (76–139) | 359 (323–418) | 24.4 | 18.3 | 0.2 | 0.88 |
| LPBTNY | 5.5 (0.3) | 5.6 (5.3–5.9) | 11.7 (10.8–12.9) | 1.93 | 1.77 | 5.5 | 0.14 | 3.4 (0.4) | 0.92 (0.86–1.02) | 2.82 (2.27–3.81) | 11.5 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.7 (0.4) | 382 (359–404) | 856 (769–985) | 83 | 43.7 | 4.8 | 0.3 |
| LPBTCL | 5.1 (0.3) | 6.7 (6.5–7.1) | 14.1 (12.7–16.2) | 2.31 | 2.14 | 0.3 | 0.96 | 2.7 (0.3) | 0.96 (0.87–1.09) | 3.93 (2.91–6.16) | 12 | 5.9 | 0.6 | 1 | 4.2 (0.32) | 9.2 (8.7–9.8) | 22.7 (20–26.4) | 8.4 | 14.2 | 2 | 0.85 | 1.4 (0.2) | 87 (52–118) | 1380 (958–2547) | 18.9 | 70.4 | 3.5 | 0.63 |
| VTEODP | 4.2 (0.5) | 7 (6.4–7.8) | 17.2 (13.8–24.4) | 3.5 | 2.61 | 4.5 | 0.10 | 4.8 (0.4) | 1.1 (1–1.2) | 2.26 (1.9–2.8) | 13.8 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 3.6 (0.3) | 13.5 (10.4–19.5) | 38.8 (37.9–123) | 13.5 | 24.3 | 12 | 0.01 | 5.2 (0.4) | 435 (410–457) | 901 (833–995) | 94.6 | 45.9 | 5.7 | 0.34 |
| VTEPLM | 4.8 (0.5) | 5.4 (4.9–5.9) | 11.9 (10.6–14) | 1.86 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.88 | 3.8 (0.6) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 3.9 (2.7–8) | 18.8 | 5.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.9 (0.5) | 571 (518–641) | 1479 (1185–2076 | 124.1 | 75.4 | 3.1 | 0.21 |
| VTEDPL | 4.5 (0.3) | 6.4 (5.9–6.9) | 18.8 (15.6–24.7) | 2.21 | 2.85 | 4.5 | 0.21 | 2.8 (0.3) | 0.65 (0.59–0.72) | 2.45 (1.9–3.5) | 8.1 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.1 (0.3) | 461 (421–503) | 1587 (1310–2074) | 100.2 | 80.9 | 0.9 | 0.82 |
| VTEIPL | 6.6 (0.5) | 6.6 (6.2–6.9) | 11.6 (10.5–13.5) | 2.28 | 1.76 | 5.3 | 0.07 | 2.6 (0.2) | 1 (0.91–1.11) | 5.2 (3.9–7.5) | 12.5 | 7.9 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 4.8 (0.45) | 16.7 (15.2–19.5) | 36.5 (32–57.7) | 15.2 | 22.8 | 13 | 0.03 | 3.8 (0.3) | 441 (404–476) | 1180 (1034–1403) | 95.9 | 60.2 | 2.0 | 0.58 |
| SRVLKP | 2.5 (0.3) | 9.7 (8.3–11.1) | 43.1 (33.4–63.7) | 3.34 | 6.5 | 1.6 | 0.66 | 4.3 (0.3) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 6.8 (5.1–10) | 17.5 | 10.3 | 11 | 0.1 | 5.1 (0.4) | 10.6 (10–11.2) | 22.2 (19.9–25.7) | 9.6 | 13.9 | 3.8 | 0.58 | 3.6 (0.4) | 332 (301–361) | 941 (801–1186) | 72.2 | 48 | 6.7 | 0.15 |
| SRVKS | 3.8 (0.3) | 8.8 (8.2–9.7) | 24.2 (19.9–31.9) | 2.38 | 4.24 | 1.3 | 0.53 | 3 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 6.25 | 2.4 | 8 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.4 (0.3) | 44 (29–58) | 135 (125–300) | 9.7 | 6.9 | 24.9 | 0.0001 |
| ATPXA | 2.9 (0.8) | 9.9 (6.9–33) | 36.7 (36.2–61) | 3.41 | 5.56 | 0.5 | 0.78 | 3.7 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.9) | 6.25 | 2.3 | 9.8 | 0.1 | 3.9 (0.5) | 2.2 (1.5–2.5) | 5.7 (5.1–9.6) | 2 | 3.6 | 9.9 | 0.04 | 2.4 (0.2) | 35 (25–47) | 174 (144–334) | 7.6 | 8.9 | 22.9 | 0.0004 |
LC = Lethal concentration, RR = Resistant Ratio, CI = confidence interval. Significant RR are shown in bold.