Table 1. Functions of genes in the prognostic gene signatures.

Type	No	Gene symbol	Full name	Function	Risk coefficient	Relevance Score
LUAD	1	RUBCNL	Rubicon Like Autophagy Enhancer	Promotes autophagosome maturation	-0.28125	14.2
	2	DMD	Dystrophin	Autophagy-related proteins	-0.25704	12.01
	3	DAPK2	Death Associated Protein Kinase 2	Trigger cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy	-0.05171	7.65
	4	PRKAG2	Protein Kinase AMP-Activated Non-Catalytic Subunit Gamma 2	Autophagy-Related Proteins	-0.10836	7.13
	5	EPG5	Ectopic P-Granules Autophagy Protein 5 Homolog	Clearance of autophagosomal cargo	-0.15368	17.36
	6	TFEB	Transcription Factor EB	Specifically recognizes lysosomal genes	-0.03524	12.12
	7	ATG16L2	Autophagy Related 16 Like 2	Autophagy-Related Proteins	-0.00683	21.99
	8	ATG4A	Autophagy Related 4A Cysteine Peptidase	Cysteine protease required for autophagy	-0.11242	28.20
	9	TECPR1	Tectonin Beta-Propeller Repeat Containing 1	Tethering factor involved in autophagy	-0.02462	9.24
	10	ULK3	Unc-51 Like Kinase 3	Induce autophagy	-0.01695	8.92
	11	TMEM173	Transmembrane Protein 173	Play role in immune signaling and autophagy	-0.00993	7.11
	12	DRAM1	DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1	Lysosomal modulator of autophagy	-0.0024	22.24
	13	CTSD	Cathepsin D	Autophagy-related protein	-0.00014	8.25
	14	HLA-DRB1	Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR Beta 1	Autophagy-related protein	-4.95E-05	8.69
	15	UBC	Ubiquitin C	A polyubiquitin precursor	-0.00031	7.13
	16	MCL1	MCL1, BCL2 Family Apoptosis Regulator	Anti-apoptotic protein	0.004578	8.11
	17	EGFR	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor	Regulation of autophagy	0.001047	7.09
	18	BCL2L1	BCL2 Like 1	Anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators	0.004578	7.99
	19	TP53INP2	Tumor Protein P53 Inducible Nuclear Protein 1	Dual regulator of transcription and autophagy.	0.009989	13.27
	20	RPTOR	Regulatory Associated Protein Of MTOR Complex 1	Autophagy-Related Protein	0.057963	8.91
	21	ATG12	Autophagy- related 12	Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation.	0.171853	34.22
	22	PIK3CA	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha	Autophagy-related proteins	0.077961	8.59
LUSC	1	DRAM2	DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 2	Plays a role in the initiation of autophagy	-0.03131	19.68
	2	VMA21	Vacuolar ATPase Assembly Factor VMA21	Autophagy-related proteins	-0.0087	47.93
	3	LAMP2	Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 2	Plays an important role in chaperone-mediated autophagy	-0.00761	39.19
	4	CTSD	Cathepsin D	Autophagy-related protein	0.000315	8.25
	5	DRAM1	DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1	Lysosomal modulator of autophagy	0.002342	22.24
	6	LRRK2	Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2	Positively regulates autophagy	0.005741	9.36
	7	TRIM5	Tripartite Motif Containing 5	Activation of autophagy regulator BECN1	0.019368	7.57
	8	ATG5	Autophagy Related 5	Autophagy-related protein	0.036959	40.78
	9	PINK1	PTEN Induced Kinase 1	Autophagy of mitochondrion	0.053167	9.14
	10	EPG5	Ectopic P-Granules Autophagy Protein 5 Homolog	Clearance of autophagosomal cargo	0.081189	17.36
	11	MAP1LC3C	Microtubule Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 Gamma	Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer	0.134076	17.15