. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Trauma. 2019 Jun 27;12(2):175–185. doi: 10.1037/tra0000478

Table 4.

Means and standard deviations at each assessment point, separated into the Evidence-Based Sleep Treatment and Supportive Care Treatment groups.

	Supportive Care Therapy				Sleep Treatments
	Pre Treatment Week 0 M ± SD	PE Completed Week 6 M ± SD	PE + 5 weeks SCT Week 11 M ± SD	PE + 12 weeks SCT Week 18 M ± SD	Pre Treatment Week 0 M ± SD	PE Completed Week 6 M ± SD	PE + IRT Week 11 M ± SD	PE + IRT+CBTI Week 18 M ± SD
PTSD, Depression and Quality of Life	n = 11	n = 11	n = 8	n = 8	n = 12	n = 12	n = 6	n = 7
CAPS Total score	70.09 ± 15.56	61.36 ± 19.50 ^A	55.13 ± 23.44	52.38 ± 18.52 ^A	74.08 ± 13.70	53.33 ± 19.38 ^A	44.33 ± 19.05 ^A	37.57 ± 20.97 ^AB
Re-experiencing	19.45 ± 4.78	20.27 ± 5.62	17.38 ± 6.85	16.75 ± 6.78	19.42 ± 5.90	16.92 ± 6.13	12.83 ± 9.89	13.17 ± 8.13
Avoidance/numbing	25.82 ± 9.09	18.54 ± 11.30 ^A	14.88 ± 12.63 ^A	14.00 ± 8.38 ^A	30.42 ± 6.14	17.83 ± 9.45 ^A	14.67 ± 7.12 ^A	12.00 ± 8.32 ^A
Hyperarousal	24.82 ± 4.40	22.54 ± 4.68	22.88 ± 5.84	21.63 ± 5.43 ^D	24.25 ± 4.81	18.58 ± 6.13 ^A	16.83 ± 7.22 ^A	12.00 ± 9.14 ^ABCD
CAPS without Sleep Items	56.91 ± 15.59	49.45 ± 19.00	42.63 ± 22.50	40.63 ± 17.39 ^A	61.67 ± 12.99	42.17 ± 18.66 ^A	35.17 ± 16.03	31.17 ± 19.26 ^A
PCL Total score	58.27 ± 9.73	45.80 ± 16.73^{^}	40.75 ± 14.54 ^A	40.38 ± 14.17 ^A	58.92 ± 9.27	39.75 ± 14.58 ^A	33.71 ± 12.43 ^A	34.43 ± 16.15 ^A
PHQ	14.91 ± 5.56	11.64 ± 6.67	10.25 ± 5.97	11.75 ± 6.98	17.08 ± 5.57	9.42 ± 5.37 ^A	6.33 ± 4.59 ^A	7.29 ± 5.77 ^A
VR-36 Physical Component	43.71 ± 11.21	43.58 ± 10.88	44.32 ± 7.96	43.20 ± 9.93	46.07 ± 11.24^†	45.35 ± 10.28	47.23 ± 7.79^#	49.24 ± 7.54
VR-36 Mental Component	31.70 ± 13.26	38.28 ± 12.72	40.33 ± 11.61	42.27 ± 11.66	30.52 ± 8.20^†	40.04 ± 11.28 ^A	45.83 ± 10.75^#^A	42.63 ± 11.26 ^A
Sleep Diary	n = 11	n = 10	n = 8	n = 8	n = 12	n = 11	n = 6	n = 7
Sleep Efficiency^*	76.51 ± 10.07	81.74 ± 10.55	74.70 ± 17.75	74.61 ± 11.59 ^D	73.33 ± 12.11	78.77 ± 9.79	82.82 ± 8.29	91.29 ± 4.89 ^CDY
Total number of nightmares^*	6.64 ± 4.20	4.10 ± 3.84 ^A	5.88 ± 6.88	4.50 ± 6.78	6.50 ± 3.94	4.00 ± 3.77 ^A	3.67 ± 3.27	2.14 ± 2.73
Total Sleep Time (minutes)	357.36 ± 99.82	361.57 ± 106.82	332.45 ± 135.32	304.12 ± 103.10	321.42 ± 57.85	324.45 ± 70.40	365.26 ± 65.68 ^A	326.29 ± 91.15
Sleep Latency (minutes)^*	55.93 ± 37.80	32.24 ± 24.12	38.02 ± 17.01	39.54 ± 18.66	35.76 ± 29.83	30.33 ± 17.57	31.79 ± 18.38	21.37 ± 19.52 ^C
Wake After Sleep Onset (minutes)^*	52.24 ± 16.60	42.70 ± 24.00	50.58 ± 29.01	51.31 ± 23.86	85.54 ± 57.10	59.27 ± 44.22	42.15 ± 32.09 ^AB	31.12 ± 39.01 ^BCYX
Highest nightmare rating^*	8.00 ± 1.34	5.30 ± 2.98 ^A	6.63 ± 2.39	5.50 ± 3.42	7.17 ± 2.48	6.27 ± 3.29	5.33 ± 3.08^X	4.57 ± 3.36
Night-to-night variability: SL^*	40.15 ± 25.02	18.95 ± 14.02 ^A	20.89 ± 13.75 ^A	29.84 ± 20.18	30.19 ± 38.54	15.90 ± 13.36	15.88 ± 13.11	14.61 ± 27.23
Night-to-night variability: WASO^*	41.21 ± 24.16	34.92 ± 31.64	40.15 ± 25.41	34.29 ± 19.15	72.21 ± 47.43	46.26 ± 27.06	25.71 ± 16.91	20.67 ± 12.35 ^AB
Night-to-night variability: TST^*	91.72 ± 36.32	102.49 ± 51.03	111.45 ± 69.03	115.91 ± 84.97	133.55 ± 64.37	82.06 ± 37.55 ^A	65.42 ± 29.66	57.54 ± 43.14 ^A
Night-to-night variability: SE^*	12.26 ± 7.67	10.28 ± 10.11	14.43 ± 14.52	14.88 ± 4.98	16.95 ± 6.75	12.45 ± 5.23	7.86 ± 5.20 ^A	8.02 ± 8.40
Actigraphy	n = 9	n = 8	n = 6	n = 6	n = 9	n = 10	n = 7	n = 7
Total Sleep Time (minutes)	330.65 ± 39.70	344.56 ± 49.74	339.89 ± 25.63	350.19 ± 37.90	365.21 ± 62.08	334.06 ± 44.66	354.94 ± 65.24	283.75 ± 65.20
Wake After Sleep Onset	55.18 ± 29.12	55.00 ± 25.78	47.31 ± 21.92	57.94 ± 30.46	44.22 ± 9.07	39.58 ± 16.44	43.32 ± 18.61	53.76 ± 30.02
Sleep Efficiency	68.03 ± 8.69	85.89 ± 6.67 ^A	75.68 ± 5.99 ^B	75.45 ± 7.11 ^B	75.48 ± 11.63	89.54 ± 3.90 ^A	76.35 ± 9.49 ^B	69.57 ± 15.96 ^B
Time in Bed	385.83 ± 58.43	402.77 ± 60.43	387.20 ± 36.18	408.13 ± 61.47 ^D	410.30 ± 60.59	373.64 ± 51.55	398.26 ± 62.03	337.56 ± 48.37 ^D
Retrospective Sleep Measures	n = 11	n = 11	n = 8	n = 8	n = 12	n = 12	n = 5	n = 7
Insomnia Severity Index	18.73 ± 4.10	16.36 ± 5.54	18.50 ± 5.35 ^D	16.75 ± 6.02	18.75 ± 3.98	14.42 ± 5.84 ^A	9.20 ± 6.26 ^DX	9.71 ± 7.13 ^ABC
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	15.09 ± 3.73	13.36 ± 2.06	14.75 ± 1.67 ^D	13.13 ± 3.31 ^D	14.75 ± 3.05	11.50 ± 2.58 ^A	9.60 ± 4.04 ^DX	7.71 ± 4.50 ^ABCD
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Addendum	10.82 ± 2.86	8.00 ± 3.66 ^A	8.75 ± 4.40	14.38 ± 5.76 ^ABC	8.42 ± 3.92	7.92 ± 4.19	4.60 ± 4.39^B	8.29 ± 5.59

Primary outcome variables are presented in boldface.

used non-parametric, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank test;

different from week 0 of same condition;

different from week 6 measure of same condition;

different from week 11 of same condition;

different from same week of different condition;

change from week 6 is significantly greater than SCT;

change from week 11 is significantly greater than SCT;

^†

n = 11;

n = 6;

^{^}

n = 10;

all significance designation based on p<.05.