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. 2019 Dec 20;10:2975. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02975

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Copyright © 2019 Wang, Vijayan, Jang, Thorenz, Greite, Rong, Chen, Shushakova, Tudorache, Derlin, Pradhan, Madyaningrana, Madrahimov, Bräsen, Lichtinghagen, van Kooten, Huber-Lang, Haller, Immenschuh and Gueler.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Labile heme release and complement activation after IRI. In renal tissue labile heme was elevated after 2 h in the 15 min but even more in the 45 min IRI model (A). HO-1 mRNA expression increased significantly after 45 min IRI (F) and also the expression of HO-1 protein on proximal tubular epithelial cells was significantly enhanced in the 45 min IRI group (B–E, bar: 100 μm). The anaphylatoxin receptor C5aR1mRNA expression was significantly higher after prolonged ischemia time at 24 h after IRI (G). C5aR2 and C3aR showed enhanced mRNA expression after 15 and 45 min IRI compared to controls but the IRI groups did not differ (H,I) n = 5 mice/group, one way ANOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.