Table 1.
Pre‐treated MSCs from various tissues effectively protect against liver injury and improve the prognosis of patients with liver diseases
| MSC source | MSC source | Dose | Pre‐treatment | Model | Injury model | Effect | Mechanism | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | Bone marrow | 3 × 106 | Melatonin | Rat | CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis | Improve glycogen storage; decrease the accumulation of collagen and lipids in liver tissue | Decrease the expression of TGF‐β1 and Bax; increase the expression of MMPs and Bcl2 | 17 |
| Human | Umbilical cord | 1 × 106 | Rapamycin | Mouse | I/R | Decrease pathological changes in the liver | Enhance the migration and anti‐inflammatory effects of MSCs; up‐regulate autophagy and CXCR4 expression | 56 |
| Rat | Bone marrow | 1 × 106 | HSP | Rat | I/R | Decrease serum aminotransferase levels and Suzuki scores; improve histopathology and hepatocyte proliferation | Attenuate H2O2‐induced apoptosis; down‐regulate Bax and cytochrome C levels; up‐regulate Bcl‐2 levels and autophagy | 57 |
| Rat | Bone marrow | 1.5 × 106 | Melatonin | Rat | CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis | Attenuate liver fibrosis | Increase the engraftment of MSCs | 58 |
| Rat | Bone marrow | 1 × 106 | Resveratrol and SDF‐1α | Rat | Common bile duct ligation‐induced liver fibrosis | Attenuate the pathological changes of liver cirrhosis | Up‐regulate the expression of sirtuin 1, CXCR4 and MMP‐9; down‐regulate p53 expression | 59 |
| Rat | Bone marrow | 5 × 106 | Hypoxia | Rat | 85% hepatectomy | Improve ALB levels, the liver weight/body weight ratio and rat survival | Up‐regulate the expression of VEGF | 63 |
| Mice | Bone marrow | 1 × 106 | Injured liver tissue | Mouse | CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis | Decrease liver fibrosis; improve liver function | Up‐regulate the expression of CK8, CK18, ALB and Bcl‐xl; down‐regulate the expression of HGF, Bax and Caspase‐3 | 65 |
| Rat | Adipose | 1.5 × 106 | Serum isolated from rats with acute CCl4 injury | Rat | Liver fibrosis | Reduce liver fibrosis; improve liver function | Increase the hepatogenic differentiation of MSCs | 66 |
| Human | Adipose | N/A | Overexpression of FOXA2 | Mouse | TAA‐induced injury | Decrease the necrotic area | Increase the levels of HGF, bFGF, VEGF‐A, IL‐10, IL‐4, IL‐6, and IL‐13 | 68 |
| Rat | Bone marrow | N/A | Overexpression of FOXA2 | Rat | Liver fibrosis | Promote the recovery of fibrotic liver tissue | Enhance MSC hepatogenic differentiation | 69 |
| Human | Umbilical Cord | 1 × 106 | Overexpression of HGF | Mouse | Acetaminophen‐induced acute liver failure | Protect against liver injury in ALF mice; prolong the survival of ALF mice | Increase GSH levels; maintain redox homoeostasis; enhance the homing rate of MSCs | 70 |
| Rat | Bone marrow | 1.0 × 106 | Overexpression of HGF | Rat | CCl4‐induced liver cirrhosis | Attenuate liver cirrhosis | Up‐regulate the expression levels of HNF‐4α, ALB and CK18 | 71 |
| Human | Bone marrow | 1 × 107 | Overexpression of HGF | Rat | Dimethylnitrosamine‐induced liver fibrosis | Reduce collagen deposition; improve liver function | Decrease the levels of TIMP‐1 and the fibrogenic cytokines PDGF‐bb and TGF‐β1; increase the expression of MMP‐9, MMP‐13, MMP‐14 and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator | 72 |
| Rat | Bone marrow | 1.0 × 107/kg | Overexpression of c‐Met | Rat | d‐GalN/LPS | Improve the survival rate and liver functions | Enhance the homing ability of MSCs | 75 |