Table 1.
Patient characteristics by steroid exposure
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 884) |
Treated with steroids (n = 534) |
Not treated with steroids (n = 350) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age at kidney disease onset | <0.001 | |||
| Adults (18+ yr) | 473 (53.5) | 237 (44.4) | 236 (67.4) | |
| Children (<18 yr) | 393 (44.5) | 288 (53.9) | 105 (30.0) | |
| Missing | 18 (2.0) | 9 (1.7) | 9 (2.6) | |
| Sex | 0.06 | |||
| Male | 367 (41.5) | 208 (39.0) | 159 (45.4) | |
| Female | 517 (58.5) | 326 (61.0) | 191 (54.6) | |
| Race | 0.50 | |||
| White | 510 (57.7) | 307 (57.5) | 203 (58.0) | |
| Black | 118 (13.3) | 67 (12.5) | 51 (14.6) | |
| Asian | 118 (13.3) | 77 (14.4) | 41 (11.7) | |
| Other | 137 (15.5) | 83 (15.5) | 54 (15.4) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.002 | |||
| Non-Hispanic | 722 (81.7) | 443 (83.0) | 279 (79.7) | |
| Hispanic | 126 (14.3) | 62 (11.6) | 64 (18.3) | |
| Unknown | 36 (4.1) | 29 (5.4) | 7 (2.0) | |
| Diagnosis | <0.001 | |||
| FSGS | 231 (26.1) | 119 (22.3) | 112 (32.0) | |
| Minimal change | 137 (15.5) | 122 (22.8) | 15 (4.3) | |
| Membranous nephropathy | 104 (11.8) | 65 (12.2) | 39 (11.1) | |
| NS—not biopsieda | 136 (15.4) | 107 (20.0) | 29 (8.3) | |
| Other | 276 (31.2) | 121 (22.7) | 155 (44.3) | |
| Calcineurin inhibitor therapy | 307 (34.7) | 228 (42.7) | 79 (22.6) | <0.001 |
| Cyclophosphamide therapy | 87 (9.8) | 80 (15.0) | 7 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil therapy | 298 (33.7) | 214 (40.1) | 84 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| Rituximab therapy | 131 (14.8) | 116 (21.7) | 15 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
| Age at kidney disease onset (yr) | 23 (5, 44) | 13 (4, 40) | 33 (14, 49) | <0.001 |
| Steroid dose (mg/kg per day) | — | 0.4 (0.1, 1.0) | — | — |
| eGFR closest to kidney disease onset | 86 (46, 120) | 97 (60, 127) | 66 (34, 103) | <0.001 |
| UPC closest to kidney disease onset | 2.1 (0.6, 6.3) | 3.2 (0.6, 7.9) | 1.6 (0.5, 3.3) | <0.001 |
| Observation period (mo) | 60 (32, 112) | 62 (34, 116) | 54 (28, 105) | 0.04 |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; IQR, interquartile range; NS, nephrotic syndrome; UPC, urine protein:creatinine ratio
Categorical variables are displayed as frequencies and percentages, and the P values represent χ2 tests; continuous variables are displayed as medians, and IQRs and the P values represent Kruskal-Wallis tests. Other diagnoses include IgA nephropathy, C3 glomerulopathy, fibrillary glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, and light chain nephropathy.
a
Diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome–not biopsied was available only to pediatric participants.