Table 3.

Person-time comparison of risk of experiencing selected adverse events on steroids compared with those not exposed to steroids

SAAE	Unadjusted relative riska (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted relative riskb (95% CI)	P value
Any SAAEs (n = 884)	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	<0.001	1.4 (1.3–1.6)	<0.001
Single-occurrence events
Hypertension (n = 668)	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	0.199	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	0.01
Hyperglycemia (n = 816)	1.1 (0.7–1.8)	0.575	1.2 (0.9–2.1)	0.19
Diabetes (n = 828)	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	0.002	1.8 (1.3–2.4)	<0.001
Overweight (n = 772)	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.286	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.21
Obese (n = 815)	1.1 (0.9–1.5)	0.305	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	0.002
Short stature (n = 374)	1.1 (0.7–1.9)	0.669	1.3 (0.7–2.4)	0.33
Cataracts (n = 874)	1.8 (0.7–4.7)	0.252	1.3 (0.5–3.5)	0.63
Glaucoma (n = 884)	0.9 (0.2–4.3)	0.868	1.1 (0.2–6.0)	0.94
Osteoporosis (n = 880)	1.7 (0.4–7.1)	0.432	2.4 (0.6–10.2)	0.23
Osteonecrosis (n = 884)	1.8 (0.2–19.4)	0.647	2.1 (0.2–23.7)	0.54
Psychosis (n = 883)	—	—	—	—
Multiple-occurrence events
Fractures (n = 884)	3.3 (1.2–8.9)	0.022	3.6 (1.3–9.9)	0.015
Any infection (n = 884)	2.0 (1.1–3.6)	0.027	2.0 (1.1–3.5)	0.015
Pneumonia (n = 884)	2.3 (1.2–4.8)	0.018	2.4 (1.2–4.8)	0.012
Septicemia/bacteremia (n = 884)	3.6 (1.1–12.0)	0.035	3.7 (1.3–10.3)	0.013
Peritonitis (n = 884)	12.0 (1.5–94.2)	0.019	6.4 (0.7–55.5)	0.090
Cellulitis (n = 884)	1.1 (0.5–2.4)	0.762	1.2 (0.6–2.2)	0.596

SAAE, steroid-associated adverse event.

^aRelative risk estimates are derived from a Poisson generalized estimating equation model that accounts for the repeated measures of subjects.

^bAdjusted for age; sex; race; ethnicity; duration of kidney disease; treatment with other immunosuppressive therapies including calcineurin inhibitor, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab; estimated glomerular filtration rate; and urine protein:creatinine ratio.