Table 4.

Relative risk for SAAE by corticosteroid therapy (mg/kg per day)

SAAE	Unadjusted relative riska (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted relative riskb (95% CI)	P value
Any SAAEs (n = 496)	2.0 (1.8–2.3)	<0.001	2.5 (2.1–2.8)	<0.001
Single-occurrence events
Hypertension (n = 384)	3.1 (2.3–4.1)	<0.001	4.5 (3.5–5.9)	<0.001
Hyperglycemia (n = 482)	1.0 (0.5–1.9)	0.96	1.1 (0.5–2.3)	0.76
Diabetes (n = 466)	1.5 (1.0–2.0)	0.03	1.9 (1.3–2.8)	<0.001
Overweight (n = 472)	2.9 (2.2–3.9)	<0.001	3.2 (2.3–4.5)	<0.001
Obese (n = 464)	2.3 (1.7–3.3)	<0.001	2.9 (2.0–4.2)	<0.001
Short stature (n = 173)	2.2 (1.4–3.6)	<0.001	2.2 (1.4–3.6)	<0.001
Cataracts (n = 486)	2.4 (0.7–8.0)	0.1417	1.7 (0.4–6.6)	0.43
Glaucoma (n = 495)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Osteoporosis (n = 492)	1.3 (0.5–3.6)	0.66	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	0.09
Osteonecrosis (n = 513)	1.3 (0.4–4.3)	0.72	1.1 (0.4–3.1)	0.87
Psychosis (n = 494)	NA	NA	NA	NA
Multiple-occurrence events
Fractures (n = 496)	1.6 (0.6–4.2)	0.38	0.9 (0.4–2.3)	0.86
Any infection (n = 496)	2.3 (1.5–3.8)	<0.001	2.3 (1.5–3.8)	<0.001
Pneumonia (n = 496)	2.9 (1.8–4.8)	<0.001	2.9 (1.8–4.8)	<0.001
Septicemia/bacteremia (n = 496)	0.6 (0.3–1.5)	0.32	0.6 (0.3–1.5)	0.32
Peritonitis (n = 496)	3.3 (1.1–10.5)	0.04	1.9 (0.6–6.2)	0.27
Cellulitis (n = 496)	1.8 (0.7–4.6)	0.23	1.8 (0.7–4.6)	0.23

NA, not available due to insufficient event rate; SAAE, steroid-associated adverse event.

Risk is reported per 1 mg/kg per day increase in dose (n = 496).

^aRelative risk estimates are derived from a Poisson generalized estimating equation model that accounts for the repeated measures of subjects.

^bAdjusted for age; sex; race; ethnicity; duration of kidney disease; treatment with other immunosuppressive therapies including calcineurin inhibitor, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab; estimated glomerular filtration rate; and urine protein:creatinine ratio.