Fig. 12.

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis of gene expression under acetic acid stress. Gene expression of S. cerevisiae BY4742 and Atg22Δ strains was compared by fold changes after treatment with 150 mM acetic acid for 120 min. a Corresponding genes were categorized by functions involved in heat shock protein family, b cell wall integrity pathway, c autophagy, d histone acetylation and deacetylation, e vacuolar degradation. Expressions for each gene were presented in relative fold changes against that of BY4742 after normalization. Red indicates the enhanced expression, blue for the repressed expression, and green for no significant changes. Scales of expressions were indicated by an integrated color bar at the right