Table 3.
Factors associated with hypertension in male and female population
| Factors | FEMALES | MALES | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariable analysisa | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age (y) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | <0.0001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Married/in couple | 0.92 (0.54–1.55) | 0.7499 | 0.86 (0.52–1.45) | 0.5752 |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 0.98 (0.52–1.85) | 0.9547 | 1.38 (0.50–3.81) | 0.5280 |
| Education | ||||
| None | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Primary | 0.87 (0.56–1.37) | 0.5583 | 0.91 (0.59–1.41) | 0.6763 |
| Higher | 1.32 (0.58–3.00) | 0.5038 | 1.21 (0.65–2.34) | 0.5519 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Employee/government employee | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Craftsman/storekeeper | 0.98 (0.33–2.93) | 0.9745 | 1.21 (0.63–2.34) | 0.5706 |
| Farmer/breeder/fisherman | 1.30 (0.41–4.16) | 0.6550 | 1.37 (0.64–2.90) | 0.4169 |
| Homemade/retired | 2.06 (0.55–7.73) | 0.2895 | 7.19 (0.75–69.29) | 0.0876 |
| Jobless | 1.46 (0.40–5.34) | 0.5638 | 0.85 (0.26–0.74) | 0.7804 |
| Religion | ||||
| Christians | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Animists | 1.52 (1.06–2.16) | 0.0211 | 1.75 (1.17–2.62) | 0.0068 |
| Other | 0.94 (0.51–1.73) | 0.8408 | 1.72 (0.76–3.89) | 0.1921 |
| Depression | ||||
| No | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.94 (0.54–1.66) | 0.8444 | 1.55 (2.56–1.19) | 0.1277 |
| Anxiety | ||||
| No | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.87 (0.57–1.40) | 0.5789 | 1.77 (0.91–3.42) | 0.0922 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||
| 18.5–25 | Ref. 1 | |||
| < 18.5 | 0.56 (0.31–0.99) | 0.0482 | 1.29 (0.75–2.22) | 0.3593 |
| 25–30 | 2.16 (1.49–3.12) | < 0.0001 | 1.89 (1.19–3.02) | 0.0069 |
| > 30 | 3.02 (1.89–4.81) | < 0.0001 | 5.28 (2.36–11.77) | < 0.0001 |
| Tobacco | ||||
| No | Ref. 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.75 (0.39–1.46) | 0.4032 | 0.83 (0.57–1.19) | 0.4916 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.83 (0.34–2.00) | 0.6723 | 1.43 (0.53–3.86) | 0.4761 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| ≥ 150 min/week | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| < 150 min/week | 1.44 (1.05–1.95) | 0.0245 | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | 0.9520 |
| ≥ 5/day | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| < 5/day | 0.95 (0.55–1.65) | 0.8567 | 1.13 (0.61–2.10) | 0.6993 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Abstainers | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Light | 0.73 (0.51–1.04) | 0.0838 | 0.74 (0.45–0.98) | 0.0467 |
| Moderate to heavy | 1.05 (0.64–1.73) | 0.6723 | 1.14 (0.73–1.78) | 0.5732 |
| Salt consumption | ||||
| Rarely | Ref. 1 | Ref. 1 | ||
| Often or very often | 1.42 (1.02–1.97) | 0.0365 | 0.83 (0.57–1.20) | 0.3168 |
aAdjusted for demographic and socio-economic, cardiovascular risk factors and nutritional factors