Table 1.
Demographic, neurologic and psychiatric comparison between MS and HC groups
| MS (n = 33); Mean (SD), n (%) |
HC (n = 25); mean (SD), n (%) |
t-test/x2 | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age | 41.42 (9.89) | 38.52 (12.73) | t = − 0.941 | p = 0.351 | 0.254 |
| Gender (% female) | 22 (70%) | 13 (57%) | X2 = 1.192 | p = 0.397 | 0.143 |
| Years of education | 14.71 (2.13) | 15.56 (1.12) | t = 1.750 | p = 0.086 | 0.490 |
| Premorbid IQ | 104.59 (8.28) | 104.06 (7.07) | t = − 0.220 | p = 0.827 | 0.069 |
| Neurologic | |||||
| EDSS, median (range) | 2.00 (0–6) | ||||
| Neuropsychological testing | |||||
| SDMT | 41.06 (10.37) | 46.35 (6.72) | t = 2.267 | p = 0.038 | 0.610 |
| Psychiatric | |||||
| HADS – Depression | 5.25 (3.69) | 2.04 (1.94) | t = −3.751 | p < 0.001 | 1.09 |
| HADS - Anxiety | 8.64 (4.21) | 3.57 (3.44) | t = − 4.643 | p < 0.001 | 1.32 |
Abbreviations: MS Multiple Sclerosis, HC Healthy Controls, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test