Table 2.
Memory performance as measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (Second Edition; CVLT-II)
| CVLT-II outcomes | CON | MJ | MDD | MDD+MJ | MDD effect | MJ effect | Interaction effect | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (CON and MJ vs. | (CON and MDD vs. | ||||||||||||||
| (n=48) | (n=46) | (n=23) | (n=24) | MDD and MDD+MJ) |
MJ and MDD+MJ) |
MJ effect within MDD status |
|||||||||
| p | ES | p | ES | p | ES CON | ES MDD | |||||||||
| Trial 1 | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 9.6 | (2.5) | 8.6 | (2.8) | 7.7 | (1.9) | 8.0 | (2.7) | * | −0.50 | −0.23 | −0.39 | 0.13 | ||
| Z score | 1.3 | (1.4) | 0.6 | (1.5) | 0.2 | (1.1) | 0.4 | (1.5) | |||||||
| Total Learning | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 66.0 | (7.6) | 61.9 | (9.7) | 60.3 | (8.8) | 57.5 | (10.3) | ** | −0.56 | −0.41 | −0.47 | −0.30 | ||
| T score | 65.3 | (10.7) | 61.2 | (11.7) | 59.2 | (10.8) | 55.8 | (11.4) | |||||||
| Learning Slope | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 1.3 | (0.6) | 1.3 | (0.6) | 1.5 | (0.5) | 1.3 | (0.5) | 0.27 | −0.04 | 0.08 | −0.36 | |||
| Z score | −0.3 | (1.1) | −0.3 | (1.1) | 0.1 | (0.9) | −0.3 | (1.1) | |||||||
| Total Intrusions | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 1.5 | (2.5) | 1.8 | (3.0) | 3.2 | (3.9) | 3.8 | (5.0) | ** | 0.55 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | ||
| Total Repetitions | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 6.8 | (9.1) | 5.7 | (3.4) | 5.9 | (4.1) | 7.0 | (7.2) | 0.04 | −0.05 | −0.16 | 0.19 | |||
| Z score | 0.2 | (1.5) | 0.2 | (0.8) | 0.1 | (0.9) | 0.4 | (1.5) | |||||||
| Short-Delay Free Recall | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 14.6 | (1.5) | 13.3 | (2.5) | 13.3 | (2.6) | 11.8 | (3.0) | ** | −0.61 | * | −0.57 | −0.62 | −0.53 | |
| Z score | 1.2 | (0.7) | 0.7 | (0.9) | 0.7 | (1.0) | 0.2 | (1.1) | |||||||
| Short-Delay Cued Recall | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 14.6 | (1.6) | 13.6 | (2.5) | 13.7 | (2.1) | 12.2 | (3.7) | * | −0.49 | * | −0.48 | −0.49 | −0.48 | |
| Z score | 0.8 | (0.6) | 0.5 | (0.9) | 0.5 | (0.9) | −0.1 | (1.5) | |||||||
| Long-Delay Free Recall | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 14.6 | (1.7) | 13.7 | (2.4) | 13.5 | (2.1) | 12.0 | (3.8) | ** | −0.59 | * | −0.44 | −0.43 | −0.48 | |
| Z score | 0.9 | (0.6) | 0.6 | (0.9) | 0.6 | (0.8) | 0.0 | (1.4) | |||||||
| Long-Delay Cued Recall | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 14.9 | (1.4) | 13.9 | (2.3) | 13.6 | (2.3) | 12.9 | (2.8) | ** | −0.56 | −0.43 | −0.55 | −0.27 | ||
| Z score | 0.8 | (0.6) | 0.4 | (0.9) | 0.3 | (1.0) | 0.0 | (1.1) | |||||||
| Percent recall, % | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 98.3 | (10.4) | 96.9 | (11.3) | 94.9 | (11.3) | 85.8 | (22.3) | ** | −0.54 | −0.29 | −0.13 | −0.52 | ||
| Semantic Clustering | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 3.3 | (3.0) | 2.0 | (2.7) | 1.8 | (2.6) | 1.9 | (2.1) | −0.31 | −0.29 | −0.44 | 0.07 | |||
| Z score | 1.5 | (1.9) | 0.8 | (1.7) | 0.6 | (1.8) | 0.8 | (1.4) | |||||||
| Serial Clustering | |||||||||||||||
| raw | 0.7 | (1.7) | 1.2 | (2.0) | 1.0 | (1.6) | 0.6 | (0.9) | −0.10 | 0.11 | 0.26 | −0.29 | |||
| Z score | 0.0 | (1.6) | 0.4 | (1.7) | 0.2 | (1.6) | −0.1 | (0.9) | |||||||
Note. All values are means and standard deviations. p-values are based on 2-way ANOVAs (see Supplemental Table 2) and were adjusted for false discovery rate;
*
< 0.05,
**
< 0.01,
***
< 0.001. Effect sizes (ES) are Cohen’s d. Only raw score outcomes were analyzed; means and standard deviations of standardized scores are only provided for clinical comparison purposes
CON healthy controls, MJ marijuana users without lifetime MDD, MDD non-users with lifetime MDD, MDD+MJ MJ users with lifetime MDD