FIGURE 1.

Box Plots on Differences Between Black and White Former NFL Players on Total Gray Matter Volume, Right Hippocampal Volume, and CSF p-tau₁₈₁/t-tau. The mid-point line in the box represents the median, the interquartile range box represents the middle 50%, and the whiskers represent the bottom and top 25% of data values. The box plots show unadjusted associations. The multivariate generalized linear models showed a statistically significant main effect for race on these outcomes (FDR-adjusted p-value less than 0.05) after controlling for age, years of education, WRAT-4 scores, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and APOE status (ε4 carriers vs. non-carriers). Estimated intracranial volume (ICV) was also included as a covariate for total gray matter volume and right hippocampal volume.