Table 2.
Treatment algorithm followed and proposed for management of the different types of frontal bone fractures and frontal sinus injuries
| Treatment paradigm depending on type of FS injury | Number of cases | Conservative management (observation) | ORIF | FS obliteration | FS cranialization | Reconstruction/onlay grafting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated anterior table fractures | ||||||
| Undisplaced | 1 | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Minimally displaced | 1 | ✓ | - | - | - | - |
| Moderately/severely displaced | 3 | ✓ | - | - | - | |
| Severely displaced | ||||||
| Without NFOT involvement | 3 | - | ✓ | - | - | - |
| With NFOT involvement | 2 | - | - | ✓ | - | - |
| Isolated posterior table fractures | ||||||
| Without CSF leak/NFOT involvement | - | ✓(Proposed) | - | - | - | - |
| With CSF leak | 1 | - | - | - | ✓ | - |
| With NFOT involvement | - | - | - | - | ✓(Proposed) | - |
| Comminution of posterior table | - | - | - | - | ✓(Proposed) | - |
| Combined anterior and posterior table fractures | ||||||
| Comminution of anterior and posterior tables | 1 | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - |
| Residual deformity from an old inadequately addressed case | 1 | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | ✓ |
| 02 | - | - | - | - | ✓ | |
| Total number of cases | 15 |
FS=Frontal sinus; NFOT=Nasofrontal outflow tract; CSF=Cerebrospinal fluid