Figure 2.

Effect of biotherapies on cytokine production. Healthy activated-PBMC were pre-incubated or not with biotherapies at 10 μg/ml and co-cultured with RA synoviocytes at a ratio 5:1 for 48 h. Infliximab, Tocilizumab, Abatacept and Rituximab were tested. After 48 h, the production of IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in cell supernatants was measured by ELISA. *p ≤ 0.05. Results are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 15 experiments from six RA patients. The use of a control antibody at the same concentration as biologics had no effect in the assays and gave similar results as control (data not shown).