Skip to main content
. 2019 Dec 3;130(1):451–465. doi: 10.1172/JCI127515

Figure 1. Hexoamine biosynthesis pathway is activated in PDAC and chronic pancreatitis.

Figure 1

Enzymes in the HBP are overexpressed in pancreatitis (A) as well as in pancreatic cancer mouse model KPC. Expression of enzymes increased as the tumor progressed (B). In tumor tissue microarray of PDAC patients, GFAT1, the rate-limiting enzyme of HBP, was overexpressed. The increased expression correlated with advanced grade of the tumor (C). Original magnification, ×20. The microarray contained 2–3 samples of each disease stage. According to cBioPortal, a large number of patient cohorts in TCGA showed alterations in the genes of HBP (n = 176). Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million (FPKM) mapped reads correlate with relative expression of a transcript proportional to the number of cDNA fragments that originate from it (D). All gene expression studies with quantitative PCR (qPCR) were done using 3 independent biological replicates. Statistical significance was determined by using 2-tailed Student’s t test. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05.