Figure 2.

Multidimensional framework for nicotine containing products, considering (1) harmfulness, (2) appeal, and (3) dependence. Reproduced from Abrams et al., 2018²⁴ The top, back, right corner depicts the most popular (appealing), highly satisfying (dependence), and toxic space (combusted products), whereas no use at all is zero on all three axes. The bottom, front, left space depicts products that have low toxicity but little appeal or satisfaction (e.g., nicotine replacement therapies - NRTs). Minimizing risk while making a net population health impact requires products to successfully compete with and replace smoking. Thus, the sweet spot, where ANDS or NNP’s products might fall, is depicted by high appeal and satisfaction but low toxicity along with products such as Swedish-type snus, which has successfully displaced cigarettes in Sweden.