Table 2. Prevalence of correlates in normal vs. abnormal menstruation in the last 6 months for Canadian women living with HIV in CHIWOS cohort (N = 521).
| Characteristic |
Overall N = 521 N(%)or Median [IQR] |
Normal N = 230 N(%)or Median [IQR] |
Abnormal N = 291 N (%) or Median [IQR] |
P–value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| 20 or less | 8 (1.5) | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) | 0.001 | |
| 21 to 29 | 66 (12.7) | 34 (51.5) | 32 (48.5) | ||
| 30 to 39 | 272 (52.2) | 137 (50.4) | 135 (49.6) | ||
| 40 or more | 175 (33.6) | 57 (32.6) | 118 (67.4) | ||
| Median Age | 37.0 [33.0–41.0] | 36 [IQR 32.0–39.0] | 38 [IQR 33.0–42.0] | 0.003 | |
| BMI | |||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 25 (4.8) | 10 (40.0) | 15 (60.0) | 0.704 | |
| Normal (18.5–25) | 221 (42.4) | 98 (44.3) | 123 (55.7) | ||
| Overweight (25–30) | 134 (25.7) | 61 (45.5) | 73 (54.5) | ||
| Obese (>30) | 118 (22.6) | 50 (42.4) | 68 (57.6) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Indigenous | 114 (21.9) | 48 (42.1) | 66 (57.9) | 0.859 | |
| African/ Caribbean/ Black | 200 (38.4) | 88 (44.0) | 112 (56.0) | ||
| White | 170 (32.6) | 79 (46.5) | 91 (53.5) | ||
| Other ethnicities | 37 (7.1) | 15 (40.5) | 22 (59.5) | ||
| Biological Sister/Mother Who Entered Menopause before 40 | |||||
| No | 394 (75.6) | 200 (50.8) | 194 (49.2) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 26 (5.0) | 3 (11.5) | 23 (88.5) | ||
| DK/PNTA* | 101 (19.3) | 27 (26.7) | 74 (73.3) | ||
| Province that Interview was Conducted | |||||
| British Columbia | 117 (22.5) | 26 (22.2) | 91 (77.8) | <0.001 | |
| Ontario | 287 (55.0) | 161 (56.1) | 126 (43.9) | ||
| Quebec | 117 (22.5) | 43 (36.8) | 74 (63.2) | ||
| Household Income | |||||
| < $20 000 | 317 (60.8) | 126 (39.7) | 191 (60.3) | 0.019 | |
| $20 000 or more | 184 (35.3) | 93 (50.5) | 91 (49.5) | ||
| DK/PNTA* | 20 (3.8) | 11 (55.0) | 9 (45.0) | ||
| Education | |||||
| < High school | 70 (13.4) | 19 (27.1) | 51 (72.9) | 0.021 | |
| High school or greater | 449 (86.2) | 211 (47.0) | 238 (53.0) | ||
| Food Security | |||||
| Sufficient | 67 (29.0) | 79 (52.8) | 60 (47.2) | 0.028 | |
| Insufficient | 163 (52.0) | 119 (41.6) | 229 (58.4) | ||
| Duration of HIV Diagnosis | |||||
| Less than 5 years | 142 (27.3) | 78 (54.9) | 64 (45.1) | <0.001 | |
| 5–10 years | 144 (27.6) | 67 (46.5) | 77 (53.5) | ||
| Greater than 10 years | 215 (41.3) | 73 (34.0) | 142 (66.0) | ||
| DK/PNTA* | 20 (3.8) | 12 (60.0) | 8 (40.0) | ||
| Median Age | |||||
| Most Recent CD4 | |||||
| < 350 | 56 (10.7) | 19 (33.9) | 37 (66.1) | 0.151 | |
| > = 350 | 305 (58.5) | 135 (44.3) | 170 (55.7) | ||
| DK/No CD4 Result/PNTA* | 160 (30.7) | 76 (47.5) | 84 (52.5) | ||
| Most Recent Viral Load | |||||
| Undetectable (< 50) | 379 (72.7) | 157 (41.4) | 222 (76.3) | 0.147 | |
| Detectable (> = 50) | 86 (16.5) | 43 (50.0) | 43 (14.8) | ||
| DK/No VL Result/PNTA* | 56 (10.7) | 30 () | 26 (9.0) | ||
| Cigarette Use | |||||
| Current Smoker | 215 (41.2) | 67 (31.2) | 148 (68.8) | <0.001 | |
| Previous Smoker | 39 (7.4) | 20 (51.3) | 19 (48.7) | ||
| Never Smoker | 262 (50.3) | 142 (54.2) | 120 (45.8) | ||
| DK/PNTA* | 5 (1.0) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | ||
| Injection Drug Use | |||||
| Current Injection Drug User | 48 (9.2) | 10 (20.8) | 38 (79.2) | <0.001 | |
| Previous Injection Drug User | 89 (17.1) | 23 (25.8) | 66 (74.2) | ||
| Never Injection Drug User | 377 (72.3) | 193 (51.2) | 184 (48.8) | ||
| DK/PNTA* | 7 (1.3) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | ||
| Hepatitis B Co-infection (Previous or Active) | |||||
| No | 23 (4.4) | 226 (45.9) | 266 (54.1) | 0.002 | |
| Yes | 492 (94.4) | 3 (13.0) | 20 (87.0) | ||
| DK/PNTA* | 6 (1.2) | 1 (16.7) | 5 (83.3) | ||
| Hepatitis C Co-infection (Previous or Active) | |||||
| No | 138 (26.5) | 188 (49.6) | 191 (50.4) | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 379 (72.7) | 40 (29.0) | 98 (71.0) | ||
| DK/ PNTA* | 4 (0.8) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | ||
| ART Use | |||||
| Never on ART | 81 (15.5) | 55 (67.9) | 26 (32.1) | <0.001 | |
| Previously on ART | 25 (4.8) | 10 (40.0) | 15 (60.0) | ||
| Currently on ART | 413 (79.3) | 163 (39.5) | 250 (60.5) | ||
| DK/PNTA * | 2 (0.4) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Current NRTI Used | |||||
| Truvada | 219 (42.0) | 89 (40.6) | 130 (59.4) | 0.886 | |
| Kivexa | 99 (19.0) | 34 (34.3) | 65 (65.7) | ||
| Combivir/Trizivir/Other NRTI Backbone | 34 (6.6) | 15 (44.1) | 19 (55.9) | ||
| No NRTI Backbone | 61 (11.7) | 25 (41.0) | 36 (59.0) | ||
| Not currently on ART | 106 (20.3) | 65 (61.3) | 41 (38.7) | ||
| DK/PNTA* | 2 (0.4) | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | ||
| Current Class of 3rd Agent ART | |||||
| PI | 168 (32.2) | 61 (30.6) | 107 (63.7) | 0.560 | |
| NNRTI | 126 (24.2) | 57 (45.2) | 69 (54.8) | ||
| Integrase Inhibitor | 33 (6.3) | 13 (39.4) | 20 (60.6) | ||
| Other Regimens | 68 (13.0) | 32 (41.0) | 36 (59.0) | ||
| No 3rd Agent | 25 (4.8) | 7 (3.0) | 18 (6.2) | ||
| Not currently on ART | 106 (20.3) | 65 (61.3) | 41 (38.7) | ||
| DK/PNTA* | 2 (0.4) | 2 (100.0) | 0(0) | ||
*DK/PNTA not included in the p-value calculations.
BMI, Body mass index; DK/PNTA, Don’t Know or Prefer Not to Answer; VL, Viral load; ART, antiretroviral therapy, NRTI, nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; NNTRI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors