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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 27.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2017 Mar 23;169(1):108–119.e20. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.006

Figure 2. Modulation of T Cell Activation by DNA-CARζ Length and Sequence.

Figure 2

(A) Thresholded images of phophoERK and DAPI staining of JRT3 cells responding to increasing 16-mer DNA ligand on SLBs (15 min). Scale bar, 100 μm. See also Figure S2.

(B) Dose-response curves for DNA ligands of varying hybridization lengths. The total ligand DNA length remained constant by adding non-hybridizing Ts. Mean ± SD (n = 3).

(C) Stepwise conversion of A/T to G/C base pairs increases the potency of the 11-mer DNA ligand for inducing phosphoERK signaling. Scale bar, 100 μm. Mean ± SD of each ligand density measured in triplicate from one representative experiment.

(D) Single ligand-receptor lifetimes by TIRF microscopy. An example distribution of lifetimes from one DNA ligand. The observed (τobs) and photobleach-corrected (τcorr) lifetimes are shown for the 11-mers (mean ± SEM from three separate experiments); for data of 13-mer and 16-mer and all histograms, see Figure S2.