Fig 5.

Dependence of the lysis efficiency on the sample flow rate. Fluorescent images showing the representative lysis results for (a) HeLa cells and (b) Jurkat cells at four different flow rates. Overall, as the flow rate is increased, the number of visually observed cells increases for both types of cells, suggesting that the lysis efficiency is degraded with the increase in the flow rate. The percentage of remaining cells after the lysis at different flow rates for (c) HeLa cells and (d) Jurkat cells. As the flow rate is raised, the percentage arises, which, once again, statistically indicates compromised efficiencies due to raised flow rates. Control groups presented in (c) and (d) display the results obtained at the flow rate of 15 μL/min with the acoustic transducer inactivated, and the number of remaining cells under these conditions is regarded as 100 % of remaining cells. Scale bars: 100 μm. Error bars represents the standard deviation from three independent experiments (n=3).