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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56608-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cholinergic Modulation Induces Conspicuous Decorrelation and Enhances Response Reliability. ACh significantly decreased noise correlations. Spike count noise correlation is plotted for the pair of neurons and compared to the NO-ACh condition. (A) both concentrations (low & high) of applying ACh are significantly reduced noise correlations (B & C) respectively. The principal diagonal was omitted for clarity. (D) Fano factor (FF) distribution for administration of ACh and No-ACh condition. Measured at a bin size of 100 ms counting intervals spaced over the duration of the trial (filled circles). (E) As in (D) but distribution for administration of high level versus low level of ACh. (F) Bar graphs show mean of the respective distributions and SEM. The variability was significantly reduced when ACh was applied in different concentration compared to the control condition; p values indicate whether ACh application significantly affected FFs (two-factor ANOVA, ACh applied vs. not applied).