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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56608-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Acetylcholine Causes a Scaling of Neuronal Tuning Curves through administration to excitatory neurons And Comparison of Cholinergic Modulation between Two Excitatory pools S1 and S2 on the STA LFP Power Spectra. (A) Effects of applying ACh on the tuning curves of the individual neurons through administration to excitatory neurons, leads to significant sharpening without narrowing orientation tuning width. Tuning curve properties for the different concentration of ACh: Individual neuron tuning curves before and after applying ACh. The tuning curves are shown for neurons with a preferred orientation of zero after applying ACh. (B) The gamma modulation in without-ACh pool is much stronger than in with-ACh pool. ACh clearly desynchronize in the gamma-frequency band. Shaded areas s.e.m. (C) Applying ACh to 15% of the inhibitory interneurons, through muscarinic receptors, leads to significant sharpening (Wilcoxon signed rank test; P < 0.01). Effect of applying ACh on the tuning curves of the individual neurons, with different levels of baseline activity of the network. (D) Applying ACh with high baseline activity and (E) low baseline activity of the network, strongly alters orientation selectivity of V1 neurons.