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. 2019 Dec 27;9:19890. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56535-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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hBD3 promoted intestinal epithelial cells migration via the Rho signaling pathway. Rho-GTP was extracted by pull-down assay and its expression levels in different groups were measured by western blotting (A) with the total Rho as an input control. GTP and GDP were respectively added to act as the positive and negative control. Relative Rho-GTP expression in each group was quantified. (C) The expression of p-MLC2 in each group was assessed by western blotting (B) with the total MLC2 as a loading control. Relative p-MLC2 expression in different groups were compared. (D) F-actin was stained with phalloidin- FITC and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (E, scale bar, 50 μm). Data was expressed as mean ± SD from three independent experiments and representative images were presented. Abbreviations: GTP: guanosine triphosphate; GDP: guanosine diphosphate; MLC2: myosin light chain-2; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.