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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20138. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56598-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protective effect of Cit against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cell line. (A) Cit effect on intracellular oxidative stress (IOS). IOS was assessed by GSH/Total Glutathione ratio and expressed as % of control. GSH/Total glutathione ratio has been assessed in control conditions (CTRL), after oxidative stress induced by H2O2 500 µM (H2O2), after H2O2 500 µM in the presence of Cit 5 mM (Cit 5 + H2O2) or Cit 10 mM (Cit 10 + H2O2). The significant decrease in GSH/Total glutathione ratio is shown by* (*p < 0.03). (B) Cit effect on H2O2-induced cell death. Cell death has been assessed in control condition (CTRL), after treatment with H2O2 500 µM (H2O2) alone and in the presence of Cit 5 mM (Cit 5 + H2O2) or Cit 10 mM (Cit 10 + H2O2). The results are expressed as % of control. The significances are designed as followed: *: H2O2 vs CTRL; #: Cit + H2O2 vs H2O2; +: Cit10 + H2O2 vs Cit5 + H2O2. (^****p < 0.0001; ^####p < 0.0001; ⁺⁺⁺p = 0.0001). Data in A and B are presented as the mean ± SEM of 4 independent experiments.