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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20138. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56598-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protective effect of Cit on hippocampal LTP in ex-vivo slice preparation of young adult mice. All experiments in Fig. 2 are performed in mice. (A) Mean fEPSP/PFV slope ratio of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic responses plotted against current intensity in control conditions (CTRL, n = 25 slices from 6 mice, white dots) or after application of H2O2 (150 µM, n = 11 slices from 8 mice, grey triangles) or H2O2 (150 µM) in the presence of Cit (5 mM) (n = 12 slices from 4 mice, black squares). (Repeated measures ANOVA, p = 0.91, NS). (B) Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of synaptic transmission was comparable in the three groups indicating that drug treatments did not alter presynaptic mechanisms underlying glutamate release (p = 0.66, ns, t-test). CTRL, n = 27 slices from 9 mice; H2O2, n = 12 slices from 7 mice; Cit + H2O2, n = 7 slices from 5 mice. (C) 3 × 100 Hz conditioning stimulus (black arrow) induces a long lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the 3 conditions. However, LTP stabilizes to a lower level in the presence of H2O2 (grey triangles) as compared to control conditions (white dots) (F(1,24) = 16.6, ***p < 0.001). This decrease in LTP expression is partially restored in the presence of Cit (black squares) (F(1.25) = 6.9, *p < 0.05). Drugs were applied in the superfusing medium at t = −20 min (white arrowhead) and maintained throughout the experiment. ndividual traces of fEPSPs are shown in the three conditions before (a) and 60 min after stimulation (b). (D) Mean fEPSP/PFV slope ratio of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses plotted against current intensity in control conditions (CTRL, n = 10, white dots) and after application of H2O2 (150 µM) (n = 10, grey triangles) (p = 0.9, ns). (E) Mean fEPSP/PFV slope ratio of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses plotted against current intensity in control conditions (CTRL, n = 10, white dots) and after application of H2O2 (150 µM) in presence of Cit (5mM) (n = 10, black squares) (p = 0.74, ns).