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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20176. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56658-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Different renal tissues - cortex, medulla and collecting system – showed differential sensitivities to BH ablation. Histological slides of the volumetric lesions stained with H&E were taken from the tissues subjected to the same BH dose, i.e. number of pulses delivered per focal spot. At the higher dose of 15–30 pulses per focal spot renal cortex is fully liquefied with no debris larger than 20 microns observed. White arrows indicate intact glomeruli adjacent to the liquefied region. In medulla, areas of disrupted, but not completely disintegrated connective tissue are observed (dashed circle), as well as blood within tubules (white arrows) that appears to flow towards collecting system and form a clot (C). Collecting system containing the clot has minimal observable damage in terms of bruising and sloughing of the urothelium (white arrows); the fat layer (F) appears intact. At low dose (5–10 pulses/spot) less tissue damage is noted within all three tissues. In the cortex, connective tissue fragments and structures with adjacent cells are observed within the lesion (white arrows). In medulla, only blood within the tubules is observed (white arrows), and very minor urothelium sloughing is seen in the collecting system (white arrows). The scale bar represents 500 microns.