Table 4.
Subgroup comparisons of 10 serum markers with the baseline values.
| Mean change of Ang1 (95%CI) | Mean change of Ang2 (95%CI) | Mean change of VEGFA (95%CI) | Mean change of VEGFR1 (95%CI) | Mean change of vWF (95%CI) | Mean change of vWFCP (95%CI) | Mean change of TM (95%CI) | Mean change of ICAM1 (95%CI) | Mean change of VCAM (95%CI) | Mean change of E-selectin (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 0.93 (−0.01, 1.87) | −0.07 (−0.17, 0.03) | −18.03 (−31.75, −4.03) | 80.03 (−131.57, 291.64) | −43.26 (−91.84, 5.31) | −38.31 (−75.39, −1.23) | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02) | 49.16 (−92.32, 190.64) | −26.51 (−65.89, 12.86) | −6.15 (−10.43, −1.88) |
| Male | 0.15 (−1.29, 1.60) | −0.04 (−0.38, 0.30) | −32.26 (−109.82, 45.30) | −60.82 (−230.39, 108.76) | −141.13 (−275.05, −7.22) | −8.19 (−93.04, 76.66) | −0.06 (−0.17, 0.05) | 88.45 (−509.37, 686.28) | −153.27 (−564.90, 258.36) | −12.83 (−21.60, −4.06) |
| AHI | ||||||||||
| <30/h | 0.67 (−1.55, 2.89) | 0.16 (−0.53, 0.84) | −3.70 (−23.47, 16.06) | −140.30 (−413.44, 132.84) | 60.47 (−506.95, 627.89) | 47.38 (−4.60, 99.37) | −0.09 (−0.41, 0.22) | −230.65 (−1166.52, 705.22) | −37.44 (−302.28, 227.40) | −2.26 (−36.55, 32.02) |
| ≥30/h | 0.82 (−0.05, 1.68) | −0.08 (−0.18, 0.02) | −21.51 (−37.56, −5.46) | 72.11 (−119.03, 263.25) | −67.56 (−112.09, −23.03) | −39.44 (−73.98, −4.89) | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.02) | 76.34 (−68.74, 221.42) | −47.36 (−113.61, 18.90) | −7.58 (−11.52, −3.63) |
| BMI | ||||||||||
| <28 kg/m2 | 0.87 (−0.42, 2.16) | −0.06 (−0.21, 0.09) | −15.83 (−31.89, 0.23) | 82.12 (−152.94, 317.18) | −32.12 (−88.57, 24.32) | −38.96 (−76.51, −1.41) | −0.06 (−0.10, −0.03) | 67.59 (−103.12, 238.30) | −30.05 (−80.06, 19.96) | −6.47 (−10.77, −2.16) |
| ≥28 kg/m2 | 0.37 (−0.16, 1.50) | −0.05 (−0.15, 0.04) | −19.42 (−35.29, −3.54) | 47.71 (−138.89, 324.31) | −64.79 (−111.20, −18.38) | −35.08 (−69.51, −0.65) | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.02) | 29.74 (−116.01, 175.48) | −50.30 (−116.79, 16.19) | −7.91 (−11.91, −3.91) |
| Abdominal obesity | ||||||||||
| No | 2.64 (−4.01, 9.28) | −0.20 (−1.36, 0.96) | −32.29 (−124.62, 60.05) | 193.13 (−1357.47,1743.74) | 22.59 (−408.39, 453.56) | −12.14 (−282.56, 258.28) | −0.17 (−0.30, −0.03)* | 406.32 (−68.78, 881.42) | 2.80 (−82.44, 88.04) | 2.27 (−0.43, 4.97) |
| Yes | 0.37 (−0.16, 1.50) | −0.05 (−0.15, 0.04) | −19.42 (−35.29, −3.54) | 47.71 (−138.89, 324.31) | −64.79 (−111.20, −18.38) | −35.08 (−69.51, −0.65) | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.02)* | 29.74 (−116.01, 175.48) | −50.30(−116.79, 16.19) | −7.91(−11.91, −3.91) |
| Follow-up time | ||||||||||
| <1 year | 1.04 (−0.56, 2.63) | −0.17 (−0.41, 0.07) | −13.04 (−26.53, 0.44) | 133.61 (−256.04, 523.25) | −85.46 (−154.03, −16.89) | −49.25 (−126.88, −28.37) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.03) | −17.08 (−276.17, 242.01) | 6.07 (−95.45, 107.59) | −8.17 (−14.59, −1.74) |
| ≥1 year | 0.72 (−2.25, 1.71) | −0.03 (−1.33, 0.08) | −22.71 (−42.49, −2.93) | 32.30 (−179.06, 243.66) | −49.96 (−107.112, 7.21) | −28.27 (−66.08, 9.54) | −0.07 (−0.11, −0.03)* | 79.58 (−91.32, 250.48) | −64.26 (−141.44, 12.92) | −6.90 (−11.67, −2.12) |
| Surgery | ||||||||||
| Unseccessful | 0.94 (−0.58, 2.45) | −0.02 (−0.15, 0.11) | −20.58 (−41.57, 0.42) | 176.66 (−111.68, 465.00) | −14.07 (−81.97, 53.84)* | −25.71 (−72.75, 21.33) | −0.07 (−0.11, −0.03) | 37.72 (−182.34, 257.79) | −53.27 (−104.23, −2.30) | −9.14 (−15.55, −2.72) |
| Successgul | 0.68 (−0.05, 1.41) | −0.11 (−0.26, 0.04) | −20.01 (−43.17, 3.15) | −61.41 (−284.44, 161.62) | −103.60 (−162.09, −45.11)* | −41.33 (−90.85, 8.20) | −0.04 (−0.86, 0.01) | 73.10 (−115.77, 261.97) | −40.09 (−158.83, 78.64) | −5.29 (−9.79, −0.80) |
| Preoperative hypertention | ||||||||||
| No | 0.65 (−0.37, 1.66)* | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.09) | −25.27 (−44.87, −5.67) | 53.72 (−168.50, 275.94) | −45.18 (−103.00, 12.65) | −36.00 (−72.80, 0.81) | −0.07 (−0.11, −0.03)* | 75.91 (−90.67, 242.49) | −47.07 (−127.37, 33.23) | −7.03 (−11.91, −2.15) |
| Yes | 1.29 (−0.04, 2.61)* | −0.21 (−0.45, 0.03) | −5.36 (−17.71, 7.00) | 69.33 (−249.23, 387.89) | −99.80 (−156.27, −43.34) | −26.08 (−109.82, 57.67) | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04)* | −6.08 (−297.35, −285.18) | −45.51 (−126.16, 35.15) | −7.78 (−13.21, −2.34) |
| Preoperative hyperglycaemia | ||||||||||
| No | 0.94 (0.05,1.83) | −0.04 (−0.14, 0.05) | −21.99 (−38.78, −5.20) | 118.23 (−69.42, 305.88) | −68.31 (−116.13, −20.48) | −35.38 (−71.29, 0.53) | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.02) | 96.49 (−52.10, 245.08) | −51.94 (−121.55, 17.67) | −5.79 (−8.94, −2.65) |
| Yes | −0.25 (−2.20, 1.70) | −0.22 (−0.79, 0.34) | −7.06 (−30.95, 16.83) | −415.12 (−978.80, 148.56) | 15.07 (169.47, 199.61) | −18.97 (−132.65, 94.71) | −0.05 (−0.15, 0.05) | −265.02 (−674.28, −144.25) | −5.69 (−101.03, 89.66) | −18.28 (−49.00, 12.44) |
| Preoperative IR | ||||||||||
| No | 1.19 (−0.59, 2.97) | 0.04 (−0.14, 0.22) | −20.60 (−46.90, 5.69) | 114.43 (−101.04, 329.91) | −59.63 (−148.06, 28.80) | −21.85 (−58.14, 14.43) | −0.06 (−0.11, 0.01) | 66.04 (−135.33, 267.41) | 24.59 (−55.13, 104.31) | −9.80 (−19.60, −0.01) |
| Yes | 0.61 (−0.28, 1.50) | −0.12(−0.23, −0.01) | −20.13(−39.53, −0.73) | 28.24(−227.19, 283.67) | −58.42(−113.60, −3.24) | −39.55(−87.12, 8.01) | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02) | 49.91(−142.22, 242.05) | −83.55(−167.98, 0.89) | −0.87 (−9.23, −2.51) |
| Preoperative level of TC | ||||||||||
| Normal | 0.31 (−0.51, 1.13) | −0.06 (−0.16, 0.03) | −21.42 (−47.43, 4.60) | 108.41 (−200.30, 417.11) | −89.14 (162.12,16.16) | −33.03 (−81.25, 15.19) | −0.05 (−0.10, 0.01) | 2.41 (−212.86, 217.68) | −66.08(−185.80,53.63) | −9.81 (−16.08, −3.54) |
| Borderline | 1.66 (−0.31, 3.62) | −0.04 (−0.26, 0.18) | −21.62 (−45.00, 1.76) | 128.73 (−141.48, 398.94) | −68.57 (−121.74, −15.40) | −51.36 (−97.49, −5.23) | −0.06 (−0.10, −0.01) | 28.29 (−202.42, 259.00) | −2.05 (−46.27, 42.17) | −6.67 (−12.79, −0.56) |
| Abnormal | 0.55 (−1.75, 2.86) | −0.12 (−0.52, 0.28) | −13.92 (−45.07, 17.22) | −254.35 (−519.01, 10.31) | 57.29 (−80.02, 194.60) | 3.18 (−138.73, 145.09) | −0.08 (−0.16, 0.01) | 280.10 (−132.04, 692.24) | −81.34 (−211.28, 48.61) | −0.21 (−6.97, 6.55) |
| Preoperative level of TG | ||||||||||
| Normal | 0.88 (−0.08, 1.85) | −0.06 (−0.14, 0.02) | −16.26 (−32.01, −0.52) | 165.57 (−133.70, 464.84) | −69.87 (−136.32, −3.41) | −25.00 (−79.50, 29.50) | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.01) | −67.92 (−283.50, 147.67) | −31.34 (−97.22, 34.54) | −6.93 (−11.08, −2.79) |
| Borderline | 1.34 (−1.36, 4.05) | −0.06 (−0.36, 0.24) | −21.84 (−65.76, 22.09) | −4.85 (−303.07, 293.36) | −82.85 (−179.75, 14.04) | −44.50 (−136.34, 47.35) | −0.04 (−0.11, 0.04) | 340.48 (29.60, 651.36) | −14.61(−121.45, 92.24) | −3.90(−10.17, 2.37) |
| Abnormal | 0.31(−1.17, 1.80) | −0.07(−0.30, 0.17) | −24.95 (−60.15, 10.25) | −51.96(−411.66, 307.75) | −25.91(−123.93, 72.11) | −37.84(−86.44, 10.76) | −0.09 (−0.14, −0.03) | 27.97(−206.25, 262.19) | −91.51(−264.35, 81.33) | −9.98(−20.51, 0.54) |
| Preoperative level of HDL-C | ||||||||||
| Lower | 0.60(−0.33, 1.53) | −0.10(−0.18, −0.01) | −21.37(−46.71, 3.96) | 57.63(−258.07, 373.34) | −79.19(−135.64, −22.73) | −36.49(−88.73, 15.74) | −0.04(−0.08, 0.01) | 5.49(−222.54, 233.52) | −58.52(−181.91, 64.88) | −8.08(−15.26, −0.90) |
| Normal | 0.98(−0.35, 2.30) | −0.04(−0.20, 0.13) | −19.40(−38.82, 0.03) | 57.62(−161.14, 276.38) | −41.87(−113.11, 29.37) | −31.04(−76.28, 14.21) | −0.07(−0.11, −0.03) | 97.01(−87.60, 281.62) | −36.82(−96.50, 22.86) | −6.49(−10.64, −2.34) |
| Preoperative level of LDL-C | ||||||||||
| Normal | 0.74(−0.39, 1.87) | −0.06(−0.20, 0.08) | −13.28 (−26.66, 0.10) | 32.47(−203.78, 268.73) | −55.03(−115.72, 5.66) | −32.05(−81.47, 17.38) | −0.05 (−0.09, −0.02) | 95.18(−54.91, 245.28) | −14.89(−68.51, 38.73) | −5.93(−10.58, −1.28) |
| Borderline | 0.08(−0.68, 0.84) | −0.05(−0.16, 0.06) | −32.86(−70.59, 4.82) | 9.44(−378.45, 397.32) | −78.44(−182.59, 25.71) | −43.58(−111.29, 24.12) | −0.05(−0.13, 0.02) | −51.02(−409.31, 307.28) | −102.87(−289.92, 84.18) | −11.36(−20.68, −2.03) |
| Abnormal | 2.47(−1.34, 6.29) | −0.10(−0.55, 0.35) | −18.14 (−77.26, 40.97) | 236.64 (−312.27, 785.56) | −32.12(−138.43, 74.19) | −18.21(−85.52, 49.09) | −0.07(−0.17, 0.04) | 137.59 (−258.28, 533.46) | −38.75(−84.79, 7.29) | −3.15(−10.62, 4.32) |
| Preoperative level of Apo A | ||||||||||
| Normal | 1.62(−0.61, 3.85) | 0.15(−0.10, 0.40)* | −26.70 (−57.67, 4.26) | −21.25(−459.17, 416.67) | −27.68(−133.92, 78.56) | −5.37(−87.30, 76.57) | −0.06(−0.14, 0.01) | 161.40 (−190.65, 513.45) | −30.67(−169.99, 108.66) | −5.25(−12.45, 1.95) |
| Abnormal | 0.50(−0.31, 1.31) | −0.14(−0.23, −0.06)* | −17.89 (−35.93, 0.15) | 87.20(−112.29, 286.69) | −70.52(−121.61, −19.42) | −44.07 (−79.84, −8.31) | −0.05(−0.09, −0.02) | 15.67 (−135.30, −166.64) | −52.68(−125.14, 19.78) | −7.95(−12.64, −3.26) |
| Preoperative level of Apo B | ||||||||||
| Lower | 0.39(−0.71, 1.48) | −0.04(−0.18, 0.10) | −26.36 (−60.96, 8.25) | 46.67(−301.04, 394.38) | −83.92(−170.22, 2.39) | −37.70(−99.01, 23.61) | −0.03(−0.10, 0.04) | −42.04(−307.80, 223.71) | −83.14(−261.28, 95.01) | −8.35(−13.10, −3.60) |
| Normal | 0.93(−0.16, 2.03) | −0.09(−0.20, 0.02) | −13.09(−29.74, 3.56) | 128.26(−166.16, 422.69) | −68.92(−133.56, −4.28) | −37.44(−85.25, 10.36) | −0.06 (−0.09, −0.02) | 45.04(−166.67, 256.75) | 0.82(−38.20, 39.83) | −9.08(−16.18, −1.97) |
| Higher | 1.25(−2.30, 4.81) | −0.05(−0.51, 0.42) | −27.83 (−73.50, 17.83) | −107.25 (−353.67, 139.16) | 14.67(−106.95, 136.29) | −15.37(−118.05, 87.32) | −0.10 (−0.18, −0.01) | 265.38(−42.63, 573.38) | −103.00 (−201.41, −4.59) | −0.19 (−5.97, 5.59) |
Abbreviations: AHI = apnea-hypopnea index, BMI = body mass index, IR = insulin resistance, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR = homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index, TC = total cholesterol, TG = triglycerides, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo A = apolipoprotein A, Apo B = apolipoprotein B, Ang1 = angiopoietin-1, Ang2 = angiopoietin-2, VWF = von willebrand factor, VWFCP = von willebrand factor cleavage protease, TM = thrombomodulin, E-selectin = endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule, ICAM1 = intercellular adhesion molecule-1, VCAM = vascular cell adhesion molecule, VEGFA = vascular endothelium growth factor A, VEGFR1 = vascular endothelium growth factor receptor 1, CI = confidence interval.
*p < 0.05.