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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20129. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56582-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Co-occurrence of cortical and hippocampal ripples was altered in APP-PS1 mice. (a,b) In the control animals the rate of PCF and ACC ripples co-occurring with hippocampal ripples was not different from zero (P > 0.2, Wilcoxon signed rank), whereas in APP-PS1 animals the rate was significantly higher (ACC: N = 7, P = 0.004, Friedman’s test, PFC: N = 7, P = 0.011, Friedman’s test) but not learning dependent (P > 0.5, Wilcoxon rank-sum) c,d. In the WT group, the rate of PCC and RSC ripples co-occurring with CA1 ripples was significantly higher than in the APP-PS1 animals (N = 7, chi-sq = 13.13, P = 0.003, Friedman’s test (PCC); N = 7, chi-sq = 11.79, P = 0.001, Friedman’s test (RSC)). Moreover and in contrast to the APP-PS1 group the rate increased after learning (WT: N = 7, P = 0.008, Wilcoxon rank-sum; APP/PS1: N = 7, P = 0.93, Wilcoxon rank-sum (PCC); WT: N = 7, P = 0.026, Wilcoxon rank-sum; APP/PS1: N = 6, P = 0.804, Wilcoxon rank-sum (RSC)).