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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20118. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56191-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The causal effect of the polarized neighborhood liking activity on the temporal distribution of likes of a polarized user. PDF of p-values of Granger causality tests performed for investigating a causal effect of $t (N_{s} (u))$ ( $t (N_{c} (u))$ ) on $t (u)$ for any science user in ${\bar{V}}_{science}^{L}$ (left panel) and any conspiracy user in ${\bar{V}}_{conspir}^{L}$ (right panel). The inset plots show the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the same quantities. Graphics show that the null hypothesis $ℍ_{0}$ can be rejected as false.