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. 2019 Dec 27;9:19977. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56461-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inhibition of autophagy potentiates the antitumor effects of 9-ING-41 in bladder cancer cells. (A) Brightfield images of T24 cancer cells treated with Vehicle (Control) and 9-ING-41 5 μM for 24 hours. (B) T24 bladder cancer cells were treated with 9-ING-41 10 μM for 48 hrs. Post-treatment, whole cell lysate was prepared from the cells, separated by SDS-PAGE (20 μg/well), transferred to PVDF membrane, and immunoblotted as indicated. (C) Relative cell growth was measured by MTS assay in bladder cancer cell lines T24 and HT1376 treated with 9-ING-41 in combination with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine for 72 hours as indicated. Columns, mean; bars, SD. *P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test.