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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20203. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56666-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of Epi on P. aeruginosa H103 biofilm formation. (a) Three dimensional (3D) and side views of P. aeruginosa H103-GFP 24 h biofilm observed by CLSM, in presence of 1 or 10 µM of Epi. (b) Images analysis by COMSTAT. Data were normalized according to the untreated control set at 100%. The error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM) of at least three independent experiments. Two-tailed paired t-test was used (n = 4), *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ns: not significant.