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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20150. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56772-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Flow control in the ring-structured channel. (A) By centrifugation, the injected fluid was metered inside the ring-structured channel within 360 ms. (B) Illustration of the centrifugation-controlled convective (C3) flow inside the channel. (C) Observed convective flow under 300 G with a fixed thermal difference of 10 °C. (D) Flow rate inside the microchannel at various relative gravitational acceleration G at maximum and at minimum possible thermal difference in the set-up. Error bar represents standard deviation with n = 3.