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. 2019 Dec 27;9:20066. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56273-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Real-time monitoring of calcein-AM uptake in 2D and MCSs. (a) Elucidate calcein-AM uptake in 2D cell cultures and MCSs obtained from LK0917- MCS₁₇ (upper panel), LK0902- MCS₀₂ (middle panel), and LK1108- MCS₀₈ (lower panel) and over a time span of 10 hours with image acquisition at 20-minute intervals (scale bar, 200 μm). (b) Heat map pseudo color images of MCSs for differential calcein-AM uptake for the three cell lines (scale bar, 200 μm, scale bar on the right represents the pixel intensity of green fluorescence). (c) Mean fluorescence intensity profile with respect to time (12 hours) in the 2D cell cultures (LK0917, LK0902, and LK1108) and MCSs (MCS₁₇, MCS₀₂, and MCS₀₈) respectively. (d) Total accumulated calcein over time (12 hours) in 2D and MCSs for all three cell lines. (e) Total accumulated calcein profiles of MCSs obtained from different cell densities. The data are shown as mean ± SD; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.05, *p = 0.019, and ns = non-significant (n = 3).