Table 2.
Racial/ethnic Stratification Analyses for Associations Between Annualized Serum 25(OH)D and NAFLD
| Adjusted model * | White | Chinese-American | African-American | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| 25(OH)D†, per 1 SD ↓ | 1.23(1.03, 1.47) | 1.06(0.71, 1.58) | 0.84(0.65, 1.08) | 0.86(0.70, 1.06) |
| Age, per 1 year ↑ | 0.97(0.95, 0.99) | 0.99(0.95, 1.02) | 1.00(0.98, 1.02) | 0.96(0.94, 0.98) |
| BMI, per 1 Kg/m2 ↑ | 1.08(1.05, 1.12) | 1.17(1.05, 1.29) | 1.06(1.01, 1.11) | 1.11(1.06, 1.15) |
| HDL-C, per 1 mg/dL ↑ | 0.98(0.96,0.99) | 1.00(0.98, 1.03) | 0.98(0.96,0.99) | 0.98(0.96,0.99) |
| Log Triglyceride, per 1 log unit ↑ | 1.80(1.26, 2.56) | 2.96(1.46, 5.99) | 1.73(1.06,2.81) | 2.07(1.39, 3.10) |
| SBP, per 1 mmHg unit ↑ | 1.01(1.001,1.02) | 1.00(0.99, 1.02) | 1.00(0.99, 1.01) | 1.01(1.00, 1.02) |
| Smoking status (Ref=never) | ||||
| Former | 0.90(0.64, 1.28) | 0.65(0.25, 1.70) | 0.86(0.55, 1.33) | 0.57(0.38, 0.87) |
| Current | 1.02(0.59, 1.78) | 1.83(0.48, 7.02) | 0.36(0.16, 0.80) | 0.56(0.32,1.00) |
| Diabetes, (Ref=no) | 1.67(0.98, 2.85) | 2.33(1.06, 5.12) | 1.83(1.13, 2.95) | 1.11(0.71, 1.73) |
| Log CRP, per 1 log unit ↑ | 1.25(1.03, 1.50) | 1.27(0.90, 1.79) | 1.26(1.00, 1.59) | 1.15(0.93, 1.42) |
*
In addition to listed variables, adjusted for study site, sex, education, income, and log IL-6. None of these additional covariates were found to be significantly associated with risk of NAFLD
†
SD of 25(OH)D for White= 10.4, Chinese-American=8.2, African-American=9.1, and Hispanic=9.5.
Abbreviations: BMI, body-mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; 1L-6, Interleukin 6; SD, standard deviation; SBP, systolic blood pressure.