Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of MASALA Participants
| Alcohol consumption (number of drinks/week) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Characteristics Mean± SD or N (%) |
Never N=304 |
Former N=303 |
1-3 N=182 |
4-7 N=75 |
>7 N=42 |
P value |
| Male | 93 (31) | 173 (57) | 116 (64) | 63 (84) | 41 (98) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 55.9 ± 9.4 | 54.6 ± 9.1 | 54.4 ± 9.6 | 56.1 ± 8.3 | 59 ± 11.5 | 0.021 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 124.6 ± 16.5 | 123.4 ± 14.1 | 124.2 ± 16 | 128 ± 17.3 | 131.1 ± 14.5 | 0.014 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | 71.7 ± 9.6 | 73.3 ± 9.9 | 74.4 ± 9.3 | 76.3 ± 9.4 | 78.4 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111.7 ± 32.3 | 112.7 ± 32.4 | 108.2 ± 29.8 | 108.1 ± 33.6 | 116.5 ± 31.7 | 0.374 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.9 ± 12.9 | 48.5 ± 12.9 | 50.5 ± 14 | 50.8 ± 15.3 | 51.7 ± 13.6 | 0.168 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 127.5 ± 55.9 | 135.3 ± 74.6 | 132.3 ± 90.8 | 136.1 ± 69.1 | 122.7 ± 49.3 | 0.594 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.9 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 26.2 ± 4.5 | 25.8 ± 4 | 25.6 ± 3.8 | 0.879 |
| Physical activity (METs per week) * | 929 (689-1230) | 951 (744-1191) | 974 (805-1187) | 899 (739-1172 | 933 (746-1148) | 0.776 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 91.3 ± 10.4 | 93 ± 10.2 | 93.4 ± 10.2 | 94.4 ± 10.7 | 96.3 ± 9.6 | 0.009 |
| Family Income ≥ $75,000 per year | 121 (40) | 68 (23) | 152 (84) | 63 (84) | 32 (75) | 0.001 |
| Education < Bachelor’s Degree | 37 (12) | 36 (12) | 21(12) | 7 (9) | 9 (21) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus † | 77 (26) | 80 (27) | 40 (22) | 24 (32) | 8 (19) | 0.47 |
| Smoker Status | <0.001 | |||||
| Never | 290 (95) | 265 (88) | 135 (74) | 45 (60) | 16 (38) | |
| Former | 11 (4) | 28 (9) | 42 (23) | 25 (33) | 18 (43) | |
| Current | 3 (1) | 10 (3) | 5 (3) | 5 (7) | 8 (19) | |
| Lipid-Lowering Medication use | 93 (31) | 80 (26) | 58 (32) | 28 (37) | 13 (31) | 0.39 |
| Family history of heart attack | 120 (40) | 157 (52) | 82 (45) | 36 (48) | 17 (40) | 0.04 |
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (ug/mL) * | 1.37 (0.7-3.2) | 1.3 (0.6-2.9) | 1.03 (0.7-2.5) | 0.96 (0.5-2.3) | 0.96 (0.5-2.6) | 0.376 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) $ | 95.3 ± 20.5 | 94.3 ± 20.6 | 92.9 ± 16.8 | 89.9 ± 16.1 | 90.3 ± 14.2 | 0.156 |
| Common Carotid IMT (mm) | 0.84 (0.73-0.95) | 0.84 (0.72-0.95) | 0.84 (0.72-1.00) | 0.89 (0.77-1.06) | 0.93 (0.82-1.17) | <0.001 |
| CAC Presence(CAC>0) | 112 (37) | 130 (43) | 80 (44) | 32 (44) | 26 (63) | 0.021 |
*
median (interquartile range) shown for skewed variables
†
diabetes defined by fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl, or a post-challenge glucose ≥200 mg/dl, or by use of a glucose-lowering medication
$
eGFR calculated from Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula
LDL, low- density cholesterol; HDL, high-density cholesterol; BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IMT, intima-media thickness; CAC, coronary artery calcium